Counterfactual is counterfactual conditional, a conditional containing an if-clause which is contrary to fact.
Counterfactual may also refer to:
Arts and social science Counterfactual thinking, in psychology Counterfactual thought experiments, in philosophy, science, etc. Counterfactual history, in historiography Alternate history, a literary genre Counterfactual subjunctive, grammatical forms which in English are known as the past and pluperfect forms of the English subjunctive mood
Physics Counterfactual definiteness, in quantum theory Elitzur–Vaidman bomb tester, in quantum theory (counterfactual measurements)
fr:Contrafactualité