Ruano (or Ruaño) is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexis (footballer, born 1985), full name Alexis Ruano Delgado, Spanish professional footballer Alfredo Ruano (died 1987), Salvadoran footballer Aythami Ruano (born 1977), Spanish judoka German Ruano (born 1971), Guatemalan football defender Gualberto Ruaño, Puerto Rican-American scientist Idoia López Riaño, Basque terrorist hitwoman Roque Ruaño (1877–1935), Spanish priest-civil engineer Teodora Ruano (born 1969), Spanish track and road racing cyclist Virginia Ruano Pascual (born 1973), Spanish professional tennis player