Thomas Franklin Fairfax Millard (July 8, 1868, in Missouri – September 7, 1942, in Seattle, Washington)Washington Death Index, 1940–1996, Certificate: 3575.; However, another source indicates he died on September 8, 1942, see obituary: The New York Times (September 9, 1942):23; http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B1FF63558167B93CBA91782D85F468485F9&scp=1&sq=9+september+1942+millard&st=p Mitchel P. Roth and James Stuart Olson, eds., Historical Dictionary of War Journalism (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997):203–204).Stephen R. MacKinnon and Oris Friesen, eds., China Reporting: An Oral History of American Journalism in the 1930s and 1940s (Berkeley: University of California Press):xxii; 1987. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft1s2004h3 ; http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft1s2004h3&chunk.id=d0e85&toc.depth=1&toc.id=&brand=ucpress;query=millard#1 was an American journalist, newspaper editor, founder of the China Weekly Review, author of seven influential books on the Far EastFrench, 30. and first American political adviser to the Chinese Republic,Time (September 21, 1942), . Retrieved April 7, 2009. serving for over fifteen years. Millard was "the founding father of American journalism in China",Mordechai Rozanski, in MacKinnon and Friesen, 23. and "the dean of American newspapermen in the Orient,"John Maxwell Hamilton, Edgar Snow: A Biography (Indiana University Press, 1988):20. who "probably has had a greater influence on contemporary newspaper journalism than any other American journalist in China.”J.B. Powell, "The Journalistic Field," in American University Men in China 1936; quoted in "Yankee Journalists in old China" (February 19, 2008); http://www.historic-shanghai.com/?p=52 (accessed April 2, 2009). Millard founded and edited The China Press in 1911, and from 1917 founded Millard’s Review of the Far East (In June 1923 renamed The China Weekly Review) and edited by J.B. Powell). Millard was a war correspondent for the New York Herald during the Spanish–American War, the Boer War, the Boxer Uprising, the Russo-Japanese War and the Second Sino-Japanese War; he also had articles appear in such publications as The New York Times, New York World, New York Herald, New York Herald Tribune, Scribner's Magazine, The Nation and The Cosmopolitan, as well as in Britain's Daily Mail and the English-language Kobe Weekly Chronicle of Japan. Millard was the Shanghai correspondent for The New York Times from 1925.John Maxwell Hamilton, Edgar Snow: A Biography (LSU Press, 2003):xvi. Millard was involved in the Twain-Ament Indemnities Controversy, supporting the attacks of Mark Twain on American missionary William Scott Ament.

Biographical details Thomas Franklin Fairfax Millard was born in Rolla, Missouri, on July 8, 1868,Passport Applications, January 2, 1906 – March 31, 1925 (M1490), Roll 0722 – Certificates: 69000-69249, March 12, 1919 – March 13, 1919; Thomas William Herringshaw, Herringshaw's National Library of American Biography Vol. 4 (American publishers' association, 1914):175; "Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Asian Studies, 1980" Vol. 1 (Asian Research Service, 1980):253, n.13; Mitchel P. Roth and James Stuart Olson, eds., Historical Dictionary of War Journalism (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997):203–204. the son of Tennesseans Alvin Marion Millard (born about 1830),alternately, Alvin Marian Millard a merchant, and his wife Elizabeth E. Smith (born about 1840). By 1870 Millard was living at Piney, Texas County, Missouri, with his parents; Samuel Millard (born about 1805), his grandfather; his uncles, George F. Millard (born about 1833), Cristie F. Millard (born about 1846), Patric H. Smith (born about 1850); and his mother's sister, Callie C. Smith (born about 1848).1870 US Federal Census.

Education Millard attended the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy (now the Missouri University of Science and Technology) at Rolla, Missouri,"Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Asian Studies, 1980" Vol. 1 (Asian Research Service, 1980):253, n.13. from 1878 to 1882, and the University of Missouri from 1884,Bonita H. Mann and Clair Victor Mann, The History of Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy (Rolla, MO: Phelps County Historical Society, 1941):41. during the presidency of The Rev. Dr. Samuel Spahr Laws (1824–1921). Millard was a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity,Francis Wayland Shepardson, The Beta Book: The Story and Manual of Beta Theta Pi (George Banta publishing company, 1927):338. and graduated in 1888.Israel, 155.

Honors In June 1929 Millard received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Missouri."Doctor of Laws Bestowed on 5 by Missouri U.", Jefferson City Post-Tribune (June 5, 1929):3. Millard received the Order of the Jade from the Chinese government.

Millard as journalist

St Louis Republic (1895–1898) In 1895 Millard began his career in journalism at the St. Louis Republic, "the oldest newspaper west of the Mississippi River, which carried the slogan "America's Foremost Democratic Newspaper" on its masthead".James Neal Primm, "The Establishment of the Eighth Federal Reserve District", Chapter 3 in A Foregone Conclusion: The Founding of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; http://stlouisfed.org/publications/foregone/chapter_three.htm . Retrieved April 7, 2009.W B. Stevens, A Centennial History of Missouri (St. Louis, 1922), III, 56–60. Millard was eventually dismissed from this position due to "a characteristic fit of stubbornness" for refusing to cover a fire.

The New York Herald (1897–1911) After his termination at the St. Louis Republic, Millard became as a drama critic for the New York Herald in 1897.Mitchel P. Roth and James Stuart Olson, eds., Historical Dictionary of War Journalism (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997):203–204.

Greco-Turkish War (1897) Millard was war correspondent for The New York Herald during the five-week Greco-Turkish War, which ended with a victory for Turkey on May 21, 1897.Roth, 123.

Spanish–American War (1898) Millard covered the Spanish–American War in Puerto Rico, reporting on the capture of Cuomo in August 1898.Richard Harding Davis, Notes of a War Correspondent (1911; Kessinger Publishing, reprint, 2005):104–108.

While covering the war in Cuba,Charles Henry Brown, The Correspondents' War: Journalists in the Spanish–American War (Scribner, 1967):131. Millard's interview with American Major General William Shafter after his deportation of fellow correspondent Henry Sylvester "Harry" Scovel (1869–1905)Roth & Olson, 277. of the New York World for disobeying a military order, resulted in Joseph Pulitzer, publisher of the New York World, firing Scovel.Denis Brian, Pulitzer: A Life (John Wiley and Sons, 2001):231. During his time in Cuba, Millard helped feed the starving New York Herald sketch artist and realist painter William Glackens.Ira Glackens, William Glackens and the Ashcan group: The Emergence of Realism in American Art (Crown Publishers, 1957):25&81.

Central America Millard reported on hostilities in Central America for the New York Herald.Hamilton, Snow, 20.

Second Boer War (1898–1900) Millard covered the Second Boer War by accompanying the Boer forcesH. J. Ogden, The War Against the Dutch Republics in South Africa: Its Origin, Progress, and Results (National Reform Union, 1901):117. for both "The New York Herald"Howard C. Hillegas, With the Boer Forces (1900; reprint. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008):193. and the London Daily Mail.Francis Hugh de Souza, A Question of Treason (Kiatt Creations, 2004):180. Millard was able to interview Boer commandant general Louis Botha (born September 27, 1862; died August 27, 1919) in July 1900 after the fall of Pretoria, in which Botha criticised State President of the South African Republic (Transvaal) Paul Kruger and the War Office for their conduct of the war.De Souza, 103. Millard's writings on the Afrikaner struggle, especially his dispatches criticizing British colonialists and glorifying their enemy, so enraged the British commander Lord Kitchener, that Millard was deported from the country before the cessation of hostilities.

Philippine–American War (1900) Millard was among the war correspondents who covered the Philippine insurrection.Roth & Olson, 38.

Boxer Uprising (1900) Millard covered the Boxer Uprising in 1900 for the New York Herald. In the aftermath of the Uprising, Millard denounced the Allied Powers and their insistence on punitive indemnities. "Seized with a vertigo of indiscriminating vengeance," in 1901 he wrote the powers are trifling with the peace of the world. Events such as the months of September, October and November brought to China have carried war back to the Dark Ages, and will leave a taint in the moral atmosphere of the world for a generation to come.Thomas F. Millard, "Punishment and Revenge in China," Scribner's Magazine 29 (1901):187-94.

In January 1901 Millard supported fellow anti-imperialist Mark Twain in his controversy with American Congregationalist missionary to China, William Scott Ament over the collection of indemnities from Chinese subjects. In 1901, Millard toured the United States with American pioneer cinematographer C. Fred AckermanC. Fred Ackerman, "Who's Who in Victorian Cinema"; of the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company presenting an illustrated propagandist lecture "War in China", which included both lantern slides and films shot during the Boxer Uprising by Ackerman."The Film Industry Achieves Modest Stability: 1898–1901 Biograph at Its Zenith" in History of American Cinema Vol. 1: The Emergence of Cinema: The American Scene to 1907, ed. Charles Musser (University of California Press, 2002):265.

Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) In 1904 Millard was in Manchuria reporting the Russo-Japanese War. In his reports, Millard "provided some of the most accurate insights into the changing nature of modern war."John Whiteclay Chambers II, "The American Debate Over Modern War, 1871–1914", in Anticipating Total War: The German and American Experiences, 1871–1914, eds. Manfred Franz Boemeke; Roger Chickering; and Stig Förster (Cambridge University Press, 1999):261. While Millard spent most of the war with the Russian forces in Manchuria, and was allowed in the battle zone, "his initial sympathy for the Russians did not deter his recognition of the superior adaptation of modern techniques by the Japanese forces."John Whiteclay Chambers II, "The American Debate Over Modern War, 1871–1914", in Anticipating Total War: The German and American Experiences, 1871–1914, eds. Manfred Franz Boemeke; Roger Chickering; and Stig Förster (Cambridge University Press, 1999):n.64, 262.

Korea (1905) After the conclusion of the Russo-Japanese War, Millard was able to travel to Korea, where he reported on the Japanese occupation of Korea.Arthur Judson Brown, The Mastery of the Far East: The Story of Korea's Transformation And Japan's Rise to Supremacy (Kessinger Publishing, reprint, 2005):242.

Moro Rebellion (1907–1908)