Rowlandson is an English surname meaning son of Rowland or Roland.
Bearers of the name include:
Alfred Cecil Rowlandson (1865–1922), Australian publisher James Rowlandson (1577–1639), English Canon of Windsor Mary Rowlandson (c. 1637–1711), colonial American woman, captured by Native Americans, who described her experiences Thomas Rowlandson (1757–1827), English artist and caricaturist
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