The North Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in northern Vanuatu.
Languages Clark (2009) Clark (2009) provides the following classification of the North Vanuatu languages, divided into two main geographic areas (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost and Santo). Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in italics.The language names used by Clark have often been superseded by other names; in that case, the glottonym used by Clark is indicated in brackets.
The South Pentecost languages, Ske, Apma, and Saa, are also often classified as Central Vanuatu languages.
North Vanuatu Northern (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost) Torres–Banks languages Torres Islands: Hiw, Lo-Toga (“Loh”) Banks Islands: Lehali–Löyöp (“Ureparapara”), Mwotlap–Volow (“Mwotlav”), Lemerig–Vera’a (“Vera'a”), Vurës–Mwesen (“Vurës”), Mota, Nume, Dorig–Koro–Olrat (“South Gaua”), Lakon (“Lakona”), Mwerlap (“Merlav”) Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost Maewo: Sun̄wadia, Sun̄wadaga, Baetora Ambae: Duidui, Northeast Ambae North Pentecost: Raga South Pentecost: Ske (“Seke”); Apma, Sa Espiritu Santo languages Cape Cumberland (Nokuku); Tolomako Wusi, Akei–Tasiriki–Tangoa–Araki (“SW Santo”), Tiale–Merei (“Central Santo”), Kiai, “South-central Santo”, M̈av̈ea (“Mafea”), Tutuba, Aore, Tamambo (“Tamabo”); Mores Southeast Santo, Shark Bay; Sakao
François (2015) The following list of 9 "Penama" North Vanuatu languages (Clark's Maewo-Ambae-Pentecost) is from François (2015:18–21). He also lists 17 Torres–Banks languages (2011:181) and 38 Espiritu Santo languages (2015:18–21).
No. Language Other names Speakers ISO 639-3 Region 18 Sungwadia Marino, North Maewo 500 mrb Maewo 19 Sungwadaga Central Maewo 1400 mwo Maewo 20 Baetora South Maewo, Sungaloge 1330 btr Maewo 21 East Ambae Lolovoli, Aoba 5000 omb Ambae 22 West Ambae Duidui 8700 nnd Ambae 23 Raga Hano 6500 lml Pentecost 24 Apma 7800 app Pentecost 25 Ske Seke 300 ske Pentecost 26 Sa Saa 3900} sax Pentecost
Notes
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