This article lists the lord ruler of Lan Na from the foundation of the Ngoenyang in 638 until the end of Kingdom of Chiang Mai under Siamese administration in 1939 according to The Chiang Mai Chronicle.
Kings of Ngoenyang (638–1296)
Lao Chong or Lavachangkaraja Lao Kao Kaeo Ma Muang Lao Sao Lao Tang or Lao Phang Lao Klom or Lao Luang Lao Leo Lao Kap Lao Khim or Lao Kin Lao Khiang (The royal court was moved from Hiran to Ngoenyang) Lao Khiu Lao Thoeng or Lao Ting Lao Tueng or Lao Toeng Lao Khon Lao Som Lao Kuak or Lao Phuak Lao Kiu or Lao Kwin Lao Chong Chom Pha Rueang Lao Chueang or Phaya Chueang or Khun Chuang Lao Ngoen Rueang Lao Chuen or Lao Sin Lao Ming Lao Muang or Lao Moeng Lao Meng Mangrai the Great, 1261–1292 (The first king of Mangrai dynasty in Chiang Mai)
Kings of Lan Na (1296–1558) Sources:
Mangrai dynasty (1296–1558)
ImageNameReign FromReign UntilNotes Mangrai the Great(1370). Wat Phra Yuen Inscription.(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ)12961311/1317 Son of Lao Meng, King of Ngoenyang Chaiyasongkhram(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨩᩱ᩠ᨿᩈᩫ᩠ᨦᨣᩕᩣ᩠ᨾ)1311/13181325/1327 Son of Mangrai the GreatRatanapannya Thera. (1788). Jinakalamali. Saenphu(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩈᩯ᩠ᨶᨻᩪ)1325/13271334/1338 Son of Chaiyasongkhram Khamfu(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨤᩣᩴᨼᩪ)1334/13381336/1345 Son of Saenphu Phayu(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨹᩣᨿᩪ)1337/13451355/1367 Son of Khamfu Kue Na(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩨᨶᩣ)1355/13671385/1388 Son of Phayu Saenmueangma(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩈᩯ᩠ᨶᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦᨾᩣ)13851402 Son of Kuena Samfangkaen(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᩈᩣ᩠ᨾᨷᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨺᩢ᩠᩵ᨦᨠᩯ᩠ᨶ)14021441/1442 Son of Saenmueangma Tilokaraj(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨲᩥᩃᩮᩣᨠᩁᩣᨩ)1441/14421487 Son of Samfangkaen Yotchiangrai(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨿᩬᨯᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ)14871495 Son of Tilokaraj Kaew(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᩅᨽᩪᨲᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩥᩁᩣᨩ)14951526 Grandson of Yotchiangrai Ket(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩮ᩠ᩆᨩᩮᨭᩛᩁᩣᨩ)15261538 1st Reign; Son of Kaew Chai(ᨴ᩶ᩣ᩠ᩅᨩᩣ᩠ᨿ)15381543 Son of Ket and Chiraprapha Ket(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨠᩮ᩠ᩈᨩᩮᨭᩛᩁᩣᨩ)15431545 2nd Reign; Son of Kaew Chiraprapha(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩉᩣᨧᩥᩁᨷᨽᩣᨴᩮᩅᩦ)15451546สรัสวดี อ๋องสกุล. "บทบาททางการเมือง ประวัติ และที่มาของอำนาจมหาเทวีจิรประภา". ขัตติยานีศรีล้านนา. เจ้าวงศ์สักก์ ณ เชียงใหม่ บรรณาธิการ (เชียงใหม่:วิทอินดีไซน์,2547) หน้า 31-57 Wife of Ket; It is assumed that she may have Shanพิเศษ เจียจันทร์พงษ์. "ลูกเขาเมียใครที่เชียงใหม่ สุโขทัย และอยุธยา" ในฟื้นฝอยหาตะเข็บ, หน้า 228 or Ayutthaya ancestry.เฉลิมวุฒิ ต๊ะคำมี. "ข้อคิดใหม่และข้อสังเกตบางประการ : ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างชนชั้นปกครองของล้านนาและสุโขทัย" หน้า ๑๔๓-๑๘๓ Setthathirath(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩏᨷᨿᩮᩣᩅᩁᩣᨩ)15461547 Son of Photisarath and Yotkhamthip;"พงศาวดารล้านช้าง". ประชุมพงศาวดารเล่ม 44. พระนคร : ครุสภา, 2512, หน้า 161-164 Come from Lan Xang's dynasty.ลำดับกษัตริย์ลาว, หน้า 103Interregnum, 1547–1551Mae Ku(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩯ᩵ᨠᩩ)15511558Saopha of Mong Nai descended from Khruea, A Son of Mangrai
Chiang Mai under Burmese rule for the 1st time (1558–1596)
Mangrai dynasty (1558–1578) Bayinnaung marched his forces upon Chiang Mai. Facing overwhelming odds, Mekuti chose to surrender. The siege and capture of Chiang Mai were swift, lasting a mere three days. Despite this conquest, Bayinnaung initially allowed Mekuti to remain as King of Chiang Mai. This arrangement continued until the passing of Wisutthithewi. Following her death, Bayinnaung appointed his own son, Nawrahta Minsaw, as the new King of Chiang Mai, effectively bringing the Mangrai Dynasty to an end. ImageNameReign FromReign UntilNotesMae Ku(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩯ᩵ᨠᩩ)15581564Surrendered to BayinnaungWisutthithewi(ᩈᩫ᩠ᨾᩈᩮ᩠ᨫᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩁᩣᨩᩅᩥᩆᩩᨴ᩠ᨵ)15641578Mother of Mae KuHmannan Yazawin. (1832).
Toungoo Dynasty (1578–1596) ImageNameReign FromReign UntilNotesNawrahta Minsaw(ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨼ᩶ᩣᩈᩣᩅᨲ᩠ᨳᩦᨶᩁᨳᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨦᨣᩬ᩠ᨿ)15781596–Son of Bayinnaung
Chiang Mai under Ayutthayan suzerainty (1596–1615) Naresuan led an army to attack Lan Na in 1584. Nawrahta Minsaw could not resist, so he surrendered, and Lan Na became a vassal state in 1596.
Toungoo dynasty (1596–1615) ImageNameReign FromReign UntilNotesNawrahta Minsaw(ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨼ᩶ᩣᩈᩣᩅᨲ᩠ᨳᩦᨶᩁᨳᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨦᨣᩬ᩠ᨿ)15961607Son of BayinnaungThado Kyaw(ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᨴᩰᨠᩬ᩠ᨿ)160716081st Reign; Son of Nawrahta MinsawMinye Deibba(ᨻᩕᨩᩱ᩠ᨿᨴᩥᨻᩛ)16081613Son of Nawrahta Minsaw; Older brother of Thado KyawThado Kyaw(ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩈᨴᩰᨠᩬ᩠ᨿ)161316152nd; Son of Nawrahta Minsaw
Chiang Mai under Burmese rule for the 2nd time (1615–1623) Anaukpetlun marched his forces to capture Chiang Mai.พระราชพงศาวดารพม่า, page 224 Thado Kyaw, the ruler of Chiang Mai at that time, was captured and was executed.สรัสวดี อ๋องสกุล. ประวัติศาสตร์ล้านนา, page 280 Consequently, Chiang Mai once again fell under Burmese dominion. Subsequently, Chao Pholsuek Say Chaiyasongkhram, the former ruler of Nan, was installed as the new ruler of Chiang Mai. ImageNameReign FromReign UntilTotal Reign NotesPholsuek Say Chaiyasongkhram1615162813 YAdopted son of Nawrahta Minsaw
Chiang Mai's brief independence (1628–1631) Anaukpetlun was assassinated, plunging the kingdom into a turbulent succession crisis. Taking advantage of this instability, Chao Pholsuek Say Chaiyasongkhram, the ruler of Chiang Mai, seized the opportunity to reclaim Lan Na's sovereignty, proclaiming its independence from Burmese rule. ImageNameReign FromReign UntilTotal Reign NotesPholsuek Sai Chaiyasongkhram 162816313 YAdopted son of Nawrahta Minsaw; Traditional records such as the Chiang Mai Chronicle, the original palm leaf manuscript of Wat Phra Singh, Chiang Rai, the Nan Chronicle, Wat Phra Koet version, and the Chiang Khang Chronicle, Wat Tha Phrao version record the lineage of kings of Lanna ending here.
Chiang Mai under Burmese rule for the 3rd time (1631–1727) Following the assassination of Anaukpetlun and Chiang Mai’s subsequent declaration of independence, Thalun ascended to the Burmese throne. The following year, the Burmese army launched another invasion of Chiang Mai. Phol Suek Sai Chai Songkhram was captured to Hanthawaddy (Pegu). Subsequently, Chao Fa Luang Thipphanet was installed as the new ruler of Chiang Mai,ประชากิจกรจักร, พระยา (1973). พงศาวดารโยนก (7th ed.). กรุงเทพฯ: บุรินทร์การพิมพ์. pp. 408–410. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2024-05-01. marking the end of city's brief period of independence. However, this part of the Chiang Mai Chronicle contradicts the evidence from Burmese, Ayutthaya, and Chiang Saen sources. This has led to debate over whether the records from this period might contain translation errors from the Chiang Saen Chronicle or other sources. ImageNameReign FromReign UntilNotesThipphanet(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨴᩥᨻᩛᨶᩮᨲᩕ᩼)16311655Chao Fa of Chiang Saen; contradicts with Chiang Saen Chronicle. Saenmueang(ᨻᩕᩈᩯ᩠ᨶᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ)16551659Chao Fa of Chiang Saen; contradicts with Chiang Saen Chronicle.the Ruler of Phrae(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦᨻᩯᩖ᩵)16591672It might have been distorted from the records of Pye Min, whose original title was Lord of Prome.Uengsae(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩋᩥ᩠ᨦᨪᩮᩬᩡᨾᩴ)16721675It might have been distorted from the records of Narawara of Burma.Cheputarai(ᨻᩕᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨧᩮᨻᩪᨲᩕᩣ᩠ᨿ)16751707It might have been distorted from the records of Minye Kyawhtin, Son of Minye Aungdin, Prince of Siputtara.Nga Ngo(ᨾᩢ᩠ᨦᩁᩯᨶᩁ᩵ᩣ)17071727He might be the same person as Minyènawrahta.
Chiang Mai as an independent city-state (1727–1763) In 1727, Thepsingh assembled a group of followers and launched a surprise nighttime raid on Chiang Mai. He killed Nga Ngo, the reigning ruler of Chiang Mai, and subsequently seized power, proclaiming himself the new king. ImageNameReign FromReign UntilNotesThepsingh(ᨴᩮᨻᩛ᩼ᩈᩥᨦ᩠ᩉ᩼)17271727A commoner seizing the throne.Ong Kham(ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩋᩫᨦ᩠ᨣ᩼ᨤᩴᩣ)17271759The 2nd king of Luang Phrabang; He took control of Chiang Mai after collaborating with the Burmese to drive out Thepsingha.Ong Chan(ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩋᩫᨦ᩠ᨣ᩼ᨧᩢᨶ᩠ᨴᩕ᩼)17591761Son of Ong Kham; Took control of Chiang Mai after his father died and declared that Chiang Mai would not be under Luang Prabang rule.Khihut(ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨢᩦ᩶ᩉᩩᨯ)17611763Former monk at Wat Duang Dee. He disrobed and became the ruler of the city in place of Chao Pat after Chao Pat seized power from Ong Chan but was unable to rule.
Chiang Mai under Burmese rule for the 4th time (1763–1774) In the year 1763, the Burmese forces, under the command of Po Apai Kamini, launched a major offensive, deploying nine divisions to conquer Chiang Mai and Lamphun. Following their successful campaign, the Burmese army forcibly deported a significant number of the Ong Kham family members and the local population of Chiang Mai to Ava. Po Apai Kamini subsequently established a military presence in Chiang Mai to secure Burmese control over the region. ImageNameReign FromReign UntilNotesPo Apai Kamini(ᨸᩰ᩵ᩋᨽᨿᨣᩤᨾᨶᩦ)17271768Governor from BurmaPo Mayu-nguan(ᨾᩯ᩠ᨦᩉᩮ᩠ᨶᨾᩰᨿᨸᩰ᩵ᩉ᩠ᩅᩫᨡᩣ᩠ᩅ)17681774Governor from Burma
Lan Na states under Siamese tributary (1775–1899) Phraya Wichianprakarn and Kawila restored the independence of Lan Na and brought the region under the suzerainty of Siam beginning in the reign of Taksin of Thonburi. As a result, Lan Na, comprising 57 towns, became a tributary state of Siam. Later, Siam reorganized the administration of Lan Na into various towns by appointing tributary rulers, known as either Phra Chao Prathet Rat () or Phraya Prathet Rat (), to govern each town. The principal towns, referred to as Nakorn Prathet Rat (), included: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Lamphun, Phrae and Nan.
The administration of the Lan Na towns under Siam evolved over time. During the reign of Rama V, when the Monthon (provincial administrative system) was introduced, the Lan Na region was reorganized as Monthon Phayap. Eventually, after the Siamese revolution of 1932 which transitioned Siam to a constitutional monarchy, both the tributary system and the Monthon system were abolished. As a result, the various Lan Na towns became Provinces like any other in Siam, each governed by a provincial governor appointed by and reporting directly to the central government.
Rulers of Chiang Mai (1775–1939)
PortraitNameBirthReign fromReign untilDeathNotesThonburi royal courtChaban (Bunma)(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨧ᩵ᩣᨷ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨶ)Unknown17751782Unknown Governor appointed by TaksinChet Ton dynastyKawila(ᨻᩕᨷᩫ᩠ᩅᩁᩫ᩠ᨾᩁᩣᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᩦ᩠ᨯᨠᩣᩅᩥᩃ)31 October 1742December 180218161816 Grandson of the ruler of Thipchang; appointed ruler of Chiang Mai by Rama I Former ruler of LampangThammalangka(ᨻᩕᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦᨹᩮᩬᩥᨠᨵᩢᨾ᩠ᨾᩃᩘᨠᩣ)174618164 May 18224 May 1822Khamfan(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨤᩣᩴᨺᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ)1756182318251825 Former ruler of LamphunPhutthawong(ᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣᨻᩩᨴ᩠ᨵᩅᩫᨦ᩠ᩈ᩼)Unknown1826June 1846June 1846Mahotaraprathet(ᨻᩕᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨾᩉᩰᨲᩕᨷᩕᨴᩮ᩠ᩈ) 18 January 1804184714 November 185414 November 1854 Kawilorot Suriyawong(ᨻᩕᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨠᩣᩅᩥᩃᩰᩁᩫ᩠ᩈᩈᩩᩁᩥᨿᩅᩫᨦ᩠ᩇ᩼)1799185629 June 187029 June 1870Inthawichayanon(ᨻᩕᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩍᨶ᩠ᨴᩅᩥᨩ᩠ᨿᩣᨶᩫᨶ᩠ᨴ᩼)1817187023 November 189723 November 1897 Ruled over Chiang Mai when Chulalongkorn introduced the monthon system Intavaroros Suriyavongse(ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩍᨶ᩠ᨴᩅᩁᩰᩁᩫ᩠ᩈᩈᩩᩁᩥᨿᩅᩫᨦ᩠ᩇ᩼)6 May 185928 November 19015 January 19105 January 1910 Ruled over Chiang Mai when it was annexed by SiamKaew Nawarat(ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᩅᨶᩅᩁᩢᨭᩛ᩼)29 September 186223 January 19103 June 19393 June 1939 Never held any authorityTitle dissolved
Rulers of Lampang (1732–1925) PortraitNameBirthReign fromReign untilDeathNotesChet Ton dynastyThipphachak1675173217591759 Founder of the Chet Ton dynastyChaikaewUnknown17591774UnknownKawila1742177417821816 Later ruled over Chiang Mai in 1802KhamsomUnknown17821794UnknownDuangthipUnknown17941825UnknownChaiwongUnknown18251838UnknownKhattiyaUnknown1838UnknownNoi InUnknown18381848Unknown Former ruler of LamphunWorayannarangsiUnknown18481873UnknownPhrommaphiphong ThadaUnknown18731887UnknownSuriya ChangwangUnknown1887Unknown DisputedNoranan ChaichawalitUnknown18871897UnknownBunyawat WongmanitUnknown18971922Unknown Ruled over Lampang when it was annexed by SiamChao RatchabutUnknown19221925Unknown Never held any authorityTitle dissolved
Rulers of Lamphun (1805–1943)