Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya () is a Palestinian town in the northern West Bank, located north of Ramallah in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. It was formed as a result of a merger of the villages of 'Arura,from 'Arura, personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. 225 Mazari al-Nubani, and Abwein, although the latter separated from the municipality. Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya is north of Ajjul and other nearby localities include Deir as-Sudan to the southeast, Kafr Ein to the east, and Abwein to the southwest.Satellite view of 'Arura
History
Both Arura and Mazari al-Nubani were part of the Bani Zeid subdistrict in the Sanjak of Jerusalem. The two villages produced 99 qintars of olive oil, which was the chief agricultural product.Singer, 1994, p. 78 Adult males were taxed 649 akçe.Singer, 1994, p. 59
'Arura
'Arura (, ‘Arūrā) (Palestine grid 166/160) is situated above sea level.Welcome To 'Arura Palestine Remembered.
History Pottery sherds from the IA I, IA II, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Crusader/Ayyubid eras have been found here.Finkelstein, 1997, p. 466
Shrines dedicated to Sheikh Radwan, Sheikh Ahmad, and al-Khidr are located in the area. Al-Khidr's shrine, in the center of the village, has no relation to al-Khidr, and commemorates a holy man with the same name. Sheikh Ahmad's shrine is to the west of 'Arura.
The Shrine of Sheikh Radwan bin 'Ulayl al-Arsufi, built during the Ayyubid rule of interior Palestine, is located southwest of the village on a hill roughly above sea level. Not much is known about Radwan, except that he was a revered figure who died in Egypt and was transferred to 'Arura for burial. An Arabic inscription written in typical rural Ayyubid style, reads that he was transferred to "blessed Syria." A mosque was constructed adjacent to the shrine.Sharon, 1997, pp. 121 -123
Pottery sherds from the Mamluk era have also been found here.
Ottoman era In 1596 'Arura appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 62 households, all Muslim, who paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, including on wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards and fruit trees, goats and/or beehives; a total of 12,000 akçe. 1/6 of the revenue went to a Waqf.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 112Toledano, 1984, p. 288, has 'Arura at location 35°09′50″E 32°02′30″N.
In 1838 'Arurah was noted as a Muslim village, part of the Beni Zeid area, located north of Jerusalem.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 125
Victor Guérin visited the village in the late 19th century and found 350-400 inhabitants. He also observed fragments of columns and other indications of an ancient town. There were also threshing-floors which appeared ancient.Guérin, 1875, p. 170, partly translated in Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 303
Socin found an official Ottoman village list from 1870 attesting to 91 houses and a population of 300, although only men were counted.Socin, 1879, p. 144Hartmann, 1883, p. 107 noted 80 houses.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Arara as being a small village on high ground remarkable for having five sacred places on the west side of the village.Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 289
In 1896, Arura was estimated to have a combined population of 540.Schick, 1896, p. 124
British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, 'Arura had a population of 426 Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16 increasing in the 1931 census to 566 Muslim, in 131 houses.Mills, 1932, p. 47.
The 1945 statistics found 660 Muslim inhabitants,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26 with a total land area of 10,978 dunams.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64 Of this, 7,095 were used for plantations and irrigable land, 787 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 111 while 26 dunams were classified as built-up areas.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 161
Jordanian era In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, 'Arura came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population of 'Arura was 1,337.Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24
Post 1967 Since the Six-Day War in 1967, 'Arura has been under Israeli occupation.
There was a sharp decrease in the population from 1961 to 1982, with nearly half the inhabitants fleeing in 1967. In 1997, 'Arura had a population of 2,087, of whom 30 (1.4%) were Palestinian refugees.Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). The gender make-up was 1,069 males and 1,018 females. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of approximately 2,967 in mid-year 2006.Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS).
Mazari al-Nubani
Mazari al-Nubani () , (Palestine grid 165/161) is situated along the same height as 'Arura.
History Mazari al-Nubani was identified by Röhricht, Prawer and Benvenisti) as a Crusader village called Mezera, but Finkelstein et al. disputes this.Röhricht, 1887, p. 200, Prawer and Benvenisti, 1970; both cited in Finkelstein, 1997, p. 464. Finkelstein found no old pottery here.
Ottoman era In 1596 Mazra'at al-'Abbas appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 60 households and 21 bachelors, all Muslim. Taxes were paid on wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards and fruit trees, goats and/or beehives; a total of 6,910 akçe. 1/3 of the revenue went to a Waqf.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 114Toledano, 1984, p. 296, has Mazari at location 35°09′35″E 32°03′00″N.
In 1838 el-Mezari'a was noted as a Muslim village, part of the Beni Zeid area, located north of Jerusalem.
When Guérin passed by the village in 1870, he estimated it had a population of about 600.Guérin, 1875, p. 170 An Ottoman village list from the same year showed Mazari with a population of 560, in 163 houses, though the population count included men only. It was also noted it was located east of Qarawat Bani Zeid.Socin, 1879, p. 157Hartmann, 1883, p. 107, noted 103 houses
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described the village, then called Mezrah,meaning "The sown land", according to Palmer, 1881, p. 239 as being of moderate size, on high ground.Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 291
In 1896 the population of Mezra‘a was estimated to be about 1,008 persons.
British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Mazarie' al-Nubani had a population of 611 Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 17 increasing in the 1931 census to 864 Muslims, in 193 houses.Mills, 1932, p. 50.
The 1945 statistics found 1,090 Muslim inhabitants with a total of 9,631 dunam of land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 65 Of this, 7,399 were used for plantations and irrigable land, 445 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112 while 59 dunams were classified as built-up areas.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
Jordanian era In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Mazari Nubani came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population of Mazari al-Nubani was 1,358.
Post 1967 Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Mazari al-Nuban has been under Israeli occupation.
According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of approximately 2,510 inhabitants in mid-year 2006.
Local government The municipality was formed after a merger of 'Arura, Mazari al-Nubani, and Abwein prior to the Palestinian municipal elections in 2005. During the elections, Fatima Taher Sihweil from Abwein won and the municipality fell apart with only 'Arura and Mazari al-Nubani remaining.
The municipality separated in 2020.
References
Bibliography
External links Welcome To 'Arura Welcome To Mazari' al-Nubani Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons