Azorhizobium caulinodans is a species of gram-negative bacteria from the family Xanthobacteraceae. A. caulinodans forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with plants of the genus Sesbania. The symbiotic relationship between Sesbania rostrata and A. caulinodans lead to nitrogen fixing nodules in S. rostrata. Bacterial chemotaxis plays an important role in establishing this symbiotic relationship.Liu W, Yang J, Sun Y, et al. Azorhizobium caulinodans Transmembrane Chemoreceptor TlpA1 Involved in Host Colonization and Nodulation on Roots and Stems. Front. Microbiol. 2017;8:1327. Published 2017 Jul 13. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01327
Azorhizobium caulinodans is a genome and it contains chemotaxis gene clusters that are unique. It has five chemotaxis genes which are: cheW(1), cheW, cheA, cheR, and cheB. Azorhizobium caulinodans controls the movements of flagella, and the chemotaxis signaling path in Azorhizobium caulinodans helps with regulating biofilm formation.Liu, W., Sun, Y., Shen, R., Dang, X. X., Xiaolin, L., Lu, S., & Yan, L. (2018AD). A Chemotaxis-Like Pathway of Azorhizobium caulinodans Controls Flagella-Driven Motility, Which Regulates Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis, and Competitive Nodulation. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, 31(7), 737–749. Retrieved from http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=21&SID=7ElWz9SlSydwMGOZVTC&page=1&doc=8
Azorhizobium caulinodans does not typically cause infections in humans. In 2022, a case of bacteremia was reported in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Correct identification of A. caulinodans in the clinical setting is challenging. The bacterium may be misidentified as Bordetella bronchiseptica with traditional biochemical methods and the organism is not included in typical MALDI-TOF databases.
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External links Type strain of Azorhizobium caulinodans at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase