The Island of Doctor Moreau is an 1896 science fiction novel by English author H. G. Wells. It was published on 1 January 1896. The novel is set between 1 February 1887 and 5 January 1888. The text of the novel is the narration of Edward Prendick, a shipwrecked man rescued by a passing boat. He is left on the island home of Doctor Moreau, a mad scientist who creates human-like hybrid beings from animals via vivisection. The novel deals with a number of themes, including pain and cruelty, moral responsibility, human identity, human interference with nature, and the effects of trauma. Wells described it as "an exercise in youthful blasphemy."Wells's description of The Island of Dr. Moreau as youthful blasphemy comes from his introduction to The Scientific Romances of H. G. Wells (1933; published in the United States as Seven Famous Novels by H. G. Wells, 1934). This Preface to the Scientific Romances is reprinted as a chapter of editors Patrick Parrinder and Robert M. Philmus's H. G. Wells's Literary Criticism (Sussex: The Harvester Press Limited, and New Jersey: Barnes & Noble Books, 1980), see p. 243 for the line quoted.
The Island of Doctor Moreau is a classic work of early science fictionSee Mason Harris's introduction and notes for the 2009 Broadview Books edition of The Island of Dr. Moreau and remains one of Wells's best-known books. The novel is the earliest depiction of the science fiction motif "uplift" in which a more advanced race intervenes in the evolution of an animal species to bring the latter to a higher level of intelligence. It has been adapted to film and other media on many occasions.
Plot summary Edward Prendick is a young scientist from Victorian England who survives a shipwreck of his boat, the Lady Vain, in the southern Pacific Ocean. A passing ship called Ipecacuanha takes him aboard and a man named Montgomery revives him. Prendick also meets a grotesque bestial native named M'ling who appears to be Montgomery's manservant. The ship is transporting a number of animals which belong to Montgomery's employer, most strangely a puma. As they approach the island which is Montgomery's destination, the captain demands Prendick leave the ship with Montgomery. Montgomery explains that he will not be able to host Prendick on the island. Despite this, the captain leaves Prendick in a dinghy and sails away. Seeing that the captain has abandoned Prendick, Montgomery takes pity and rescues him. As ships rarely pass the island, Prendick will be housed in an outer room of an enclosed compound.
The island belongs to Dr Moreau. Prendick remembers that he has heard of Moreau; formerly an eminent physiologist in London whose gruesome experiments in vivisection had been publicly exposed by a journalist, and who fled England as a result of his exposure.
The next day, Moreau begins working on the puma, eventually revealed as being experimented into a woman. Prendick gathers that Moreau is performing a painful experiment on the animal and its anguished cries drive Prendick out into the jungle. While he wanders, he comes upon a group of people who seem human but have an unmistakable resemblance to swine. As he walks back to the enclosure, he suddenly realises he is being followed by a figure in the jungle. He panics and flees, and the figure gives chase. As his pursuer bears down on him, Prendick manages to stun him with a stone and observes that the pursuer is a monstrous hybrid of animal and man. When Prendick returns to the enclosure and questions Montgomery, Montgomery refuses to be open with him. After failing to get an explanation, Prendick finally gives in and takes a sleeping draught.
Prendick awakes the next morning with the previous night's activities fresh in his mind. Seeing that the door to Moreau's operating room has been left unlocked, he walks in to find a humanoid form lying in bandages on the table before he is ejected by a shocked and angry Moreau. He believes that Moreau has been vivisecting humans to turn into half-animals, and that he is the next test subject. He flees into the jungle where he meets an Ape-Man who takes him to a colony of similarly half-human/half-animal creatures including a Sloth-Man. Their leader is a large grey unspecified creature named the Sayer of the Law who has him recite a strange litany called the Law that involves prohibitions against bestial behaviour and praise for Moreau:
Not to go on all-fours; that is the Law. Are we not men?Not to suck up Drink; that is the Law. Are we not men?Not to eat Fish or Flesh; that is the Law. Are we not men?Not to claw the Bark of Trees; that is the Law. Are we not men?Not to chase other Men; that is the Law. Are we not men?
Suddenly, Moreau bursts into the colony looking for Prendick, but Prendick escapes to the jungle. He makes for the ocean where he plans to drown himself rather than allow Moreau to experiment on him. Moreau explains that the creatures called the Beast Folk were not formerly men, but rather animals. Prendick returns to the enclosure where Moreau explains that he has been on the island for eleven years and has been striving to make a complete transformation of an animal to a human. In some cases, he even combined parts of other animals. He explains that while he is getting closer to perfection, his subjects have a habit of reverting to their animal form and behaviour. Moreau regards the pain he inflicts as insignificant and an unavoidable side effect in the name of his scientific experiments. He also states that pain is an animalistic instinct that one who is truly human cannot have, cutting his thigh with a penknife with no apparent reaction, to further prove his point.
One day, Prendick and Montgomery encounter a half-eaten rabbit. Since eating flesh and tasting blood are strong prohibitions, Moreau calls an assembly of the Beast Folk and identifies the Leopard-Man (the same one that chased Prendick the first time he wandered into the jungle) as the transgressor. Knowing that he will be sent back to Moreau's compound for more painful sessions of vivisection, the Leopard-Man flees. Eventually, the group corners him in some undergrowth, but Prendick takes pity and shoots him to spare him from further suffering. Prendick also believes that although the Leopard-Man was seen breaking several laws, such as drinking water bent down like an animal, chasing men (Prendick), and running on all fours, the Leopard-Man was not solely responsible for the deaths of the rabbits. It was also the Hyena-Swine, the next most dangerous Beast Man on the island and one of the hybrid creations. Moreau is furious that Prendick killed the Leopard-Man, but can do nothing about the situation.
As time passes, Prendick becomes inured to the grotesqueness of the Beast Folk. However one day, the half-finished puma woman rips free of her restraints and escapes from the lab. Moreau pursues her, but the two end up fighting each other, leading to their mutual deaths. Montgomery breaks down and decides to share his alcohol with the Beast Folk. Prendick resolves to leave the island, but later hears a commotion outside in which Montgomery, his servant M'ling, and the Sayer of the Law die after a fight with the Beast Folk. At the same time, the compound burns down because Prendick has knocked over a lamp. With no chance of saving any of the provisions stored in the enclosure, Prendick realizes that Montgomery has also destroyed the only boats on the island during the night.
Prendick lives with the Beast Folk on the island for months after the deaths of Moreau and Montgomery. As the time goes by, the Beast Folk increasingly revert to their original animal instincts, beginning to hunt the island's rabbits, returning to walking on all fours, and leaving their shared living areas for the wild. They cease to follow Prendick's instructions. Eventually, the Hyena-Swine kills Prendick's faithful Dog-Man companion created from a St Bernard. With help from the Sloth Creature, Prendick shoots the Hyena-Swine in self-defense.
Prendick's efforts to build a raft have been unsuccessful. Luckily for him, a lifeboat that carries two corpses drifts onto the beach (perhaps the captain of the ship that picked Prendick up and a sailor). Prendick uses the boat to leave the island and is picked up three days later. When he tells his story, he is thought to be mad, so instead he feigns amnesia.
Upon his return to England, Prendick is no longer comfortable in the presence of humans, all of whom seem to him to be about to revert to an animal state. He leaves London and lives in near-solitude in the countryside, devoting himself to chemistry and astronomy in the studies of which he finds some peace.
Main characters Humans Edward Prendick The narrator and protagonist. Prendick is a young scientist and castaway from England. Dr Moreau A mad vivisectionist who has fled upon his experiments being exposed and has moved to a remote island in the southern Pacific Ocean to pursue his research of perfecting his Beast Folk. Montgomery Moreau's assistant and Prendick's rescuer. Montgomery is a physician who enjoyed a measure of happiness in England. He is an alcoholic who feels some sympathy for the Beast Folk.
Beast Folk The Beast Folk are human–animal chimeras that Moreau constructs through surgeries and vivisection experiments that cause excruciating pain to the victims.
M'ling Montgomery's domestic servant, who cooks and cleans. Moreau combined parts of a bear, a dog, and an ox to create him. He has glowing eyes and furry ears. Prendick describes M'ling as a "complex trophy of Moreau's skill … and one of the most elaborately made of all the creatures". M'ling dies protecting Montgomery from the other Beast Folk. Sayer of the Law A large animal with talons. Edward observers that that its gray hair is like that of a Skye Terrier. The Sayer of the Law recites Dr Moreau's teachings about being men to the other Beast Folk. The Sayer of the Law serves as governor and priest to the Beast Folk. He is killed in a clash between Montgomery, M'ling, and the Beast Folk. Ape-Man An ape chimera who considers himself equal to Prendick. He refers to himself and Prendick as "Five Men", because they both have five fingers on each hand—an uncommon feature among the Beast Folk. He is the first Beast Man other than M'ling to whom Prendick speaks. The Ape-Man has what he refers to as "Big Thinks" which on his return to England, Prendick likens to a priest's sermon at the pulpit. Sloth Creature A small, pink sloth chimera described by Prendick as resembling a flayed child. He is one of the more relatively benign creatures; he helps Prendick kill the Hyena-Swine before fully regressing. Hyena-Swine A carnivorous chimera made from a spotted hyena and a pig. He becomes Prendick's enemy in the wake of Dr Moreau's death. Prendick kills him in self-defence. Leopard-Man A leopard chimera who breaks the Law by running on all fours, drinking from the stream, and chasing Prendick. The Leopard-Man is killed by Prendick to spare him further pain—much to the dismay of Dr Moreau. Ox-Men Gray, ox-like humanoids who are present for Prendick's introduction to the Beast Folk. They do not appear again until after Montgomery's death. Satyr-Man A chimera made from a goat and an unspecified ape. His appearance is satyr-like; Prendick describes his form as unsettling and "Satanic". Swine-Men and Swine-Woman Pig–human chimeras who are present for Prendick's introduction to the Beast Folk. Mare-Rhinoceros Creature A chimera made from a horse and a Sumatran rhinoceros. She is present for Prendick's introduction to the Beast Folk. Wolf-Men and Wolf-Women Wolf–human chimeras who are present for Prendick's introduction to the Beast Folk. Bear-Bull Man A hybrid of a bear and a male bovine who appeared during Prendick's introduction to the Beast Folk. Dog-Man