The following list includes commercially or artistically important inorganic pigments of natural and synthetic origin..

Purple pigments

Aluminosilicate pigments Ultramarine violet (): a synthetic or naturally occurring sulfur containing silicate mineral.

Arsenic pigments London purple — an arsenical insecticide/pigment mixture derived from aniline-dye waste.

Copper pigments Han purple: BaCuSi2O6.

Cobalt pigments Cobalt violet (): Co3(PO4)2.

Gold pigments Purple of Cassius: Gold nanoparticles suspended in tin dioxide - Aux • SnO2.

Iron pigments Caput mortuum (Mars Violet) — a purple‑brown hematite iron oxide pigment, Fe2O3.

Manganese pigments Manganese violet: NH4MnP2O7 () manganic ammonium pyrophosphate.

Strontium pigments Strontium Violet (PV62) — Sr5(PO4)3Cu0.3O.

Blue pigments

Aluminosilicate pigments Ultramarine (): a synthetic or naturally occurring sulfur containing silicate mineral - (generalized formula). Smalt CoO·nSiO2.

Cobalt pigments Cobalt blue (): cobalt(II) aluminate. Cerulean blue (): cobalt(II) stannate. Cerium uranium blue Cobalt chromite blue-green spinel CoCr2O4. Cobalt zinc aluminate spinel CoZnAl2O4.

Copper pigments Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2. Blue Verditer Cu2(OH)2CO3.

Iron pigments Prussian blue (): a synthetic inert pigment made of iron and cyanide: C18Fe7N18. Vivianite Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O.

Manganese pigments YInMn Blue: a synthetic pigment (YIn1−xMnxO3). Manganese blue: barium manganate(VI) sulfate.

Zirconium pigments Zirconium–vanadium blue zircon ZrSiO4:V.

Green pigments

Arsenic Pigments

Scheele's Green: yellowish-green pigment commonly used during the early to mid-19th century (AsCuHO3).

Paris Green: It was manufactured in 1814 to be a pigment to make a vibrant green paint.

Cadmium pigments

Cadmium green: a light green pigment consisting of a mixture of cadmium yellow (CdS) and chrome green (Cr2O3).

Chromium pigments

Chrome green (): anhydrous chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3). Viridian (): hydrated chromium(III) oxide Cr2O3 • xH2O. Cobalt pigments

Cobalt green: also known as Rinman's green or zinc green (CoZnO2). Cobalt titanate green CoTiO3.

Copper pigments

Malachite: cupric carbonate hydroxide (Cu2CO3(OH)2), unstable. Scheele's Green (also called Schloss green): cupric arsenite (CuHAsO3). Brunswick green: various pigments, some with copper. Verdigris Cu(CH3COO)2·nCu(OH)2. Atacamite Cu2Cl(OH)3. Brochantite Cu4SO4(OH)6. Green verditer Cu2(OH)2CO3. Egyptian Green CaCuSi4O10 + Fe compounds.

Other pigments

Green earth: also known as terre verte and Verona green ().

Yellow pigments

Arsenic pigments Orpiment: natural monoclinic arsenic sulfide (). Pararealgar AsS.

Bismuth pigments Primrose yellow (PY184): bismuth vanadate (). Bismuth molybdate Bi2MoO6.

Cadmium pigments Cadmium yellow (PY37): cadmium sulfide (CdS), which also occurs as the mineral greenockite. Cadmium Lemon (PY37) CdS + ZnS.

Chromium pigments Chrome yellow or crocoite (): lead chromate (). Strontium yellow (): . Barium Yellow (PY31) BaCrO4. Zinc Yellow (PY36) 4ZnCrO4·K2O·H2O.

Cobalt pigments Aureolin or cobalt yellow (): potassium cobaltinitrite ().

Iron pigments Yellow ochre (): a naturally occurring clay of monohydrated ferric oxide (). Mars Yellow (PY42) Fe2O3·nH2O.

Lead pigments Naples yellow (PY41). Lead-tin-yellow: or . Massicot PbO.

Titanium pigments Titanium yellow (PY53): .

Tin pigments Mosaic gold: stannic sulfide (SnS2).

Zinc pigments Zinc yellow (): zinc chromate (), a highly toxic substance with anti-corrosive properties which was historically most often used to paint over metals.

Orange pigments

Arsenic pigments Realgar As4S4.

Bismuth pigments Bismuth Vanadate Orange (PO86) BiVO4. Bismuth Oxyhalide Orange (PO85) BiOCl·Bi2S3.

Cadmium pigments Cadmium orange (): an intermediate between cadmium red and cadmium yellow: cadmium sulfoselenide.

Vanadium pigments Bismuth vanadate orange (): similar to vermilion.

Red pigments

Arsenic pigments

Realgar: As4S4 - a highly toxic natural pigment.

Cadmium pigments

Cadmium red (PR108): cadmium sulfo-selenide (Cd2SSe).

Cerium pigments

Cerium sulfide red (PR265).

Iron oxide pigments

Sanguine, Caput mortuum, Indian red, Venetian red, oxide red (PR102). Red ochre (): anhydrous Fe2O3. Burnt sienna (): a pigment produced by heating raw sienna.

Lead pigments

Minium (pigment): also known as red lead, lead tetroxide, Pb3O4.

Mercury pigments

Vermilion or cinnabar (): HgS.

Brown pigments

Clay earth pigments (naturally formed iron oxides)

Raw umber (): a natural clay pigment consisting of iron oxide, manganese oxide and aluminum oxide: Fe2O3 + MnO2 + H2O + SiO2 + Al2O3. When calcined (heated) it is referred to as burnt umber and has more intense colors. Raw sienna (): a naturally occurring yellow-brown pigment from limonite clay. Used in art since prehistoric times.

Black pigments

Carbonaceous pigments Aniline black (). Lamp black (). Carbon black (). Vine black (). Ivory black (). Graphite (PBk10). Mineral Black (PBk18). Iron pigments Mars black or Iron black () (C.I. No.77499) Synthetic magnetite Fe3O4. Manganese pigments Manganese dioxide (PBk14): blackish or brown in color, used since prehistoric times (MnO2). Iron manganese oxide (PBk33, (Fe,Mn)2O3). Molybdenum pigments Molybdenum Disulfide (PBk34).

Titanium pigments Titanium black: Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3). Titanium Dioxide Black: (PBk35) (CAS 51745-87-0) Reduced titanium oxide.

Others Iron Titanium Brown Spinel (PBk12). Cobalt Black (PBk13). Zinc Sulfide (PBk17). Slate Black (PBk19). Copper Chromite Black (PBk22, PBk28). Tin Antimony Gray (PBk23). Titanium Vanadium Antimony Gray (PBk24). Cobalt Nickel Gray (PBk25). Manganese Ferrite Black (PBk26) (Fe,Mn)2O4. Iron Cobalt Chromite Black (PBk27). Iron Cobalt Black (PBk29). Chrome Iron Nickel Black (PBk30).

White pigments Antimony pigment Antimony white: antimony(III) oxide (Sb2O3). Barium pigments Barium sulfate ( or baryte): barium sulfate (BaSO4). Lithopone: BaSO4•ZnS. Lead pigment Cremnitz white (): basic lead(II) carbonate (). Titanium pigment Titanium white (): titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2). Zinc pigments Zinc white (): zinc oxide (ZnO). Sachtolith: zinc sulfide (ZnS).

Fluorescent pigments

Uranium salts.

Safety A number of pigments, especially traditional ones, contain heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium that are highly toxic. The use of these pigments is now highly restricted in many countries. For more information, see the article on lead paint.

See also List of dyes Blue pigments Green pigments Red pigments

References

External links