Republic Day is the name of a holiday in several countries to commemorate the day when they became republics.
List
Country Date of transition Remarks Netherlands The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands declared its independence from King Philip II of Spain on 26 July 1581 with the Act of Abjuration, and became the Batavian Republic in 1795. The Kingdom of Holland was formed on 5 June 1806. Switzerland Switzerland became independent from the Holy Roman Empire by the Treaty of Westphalia England The Commonwealth of England, later known as the Protectorate, was established on 19 May 1649 following the execution of King Charles I. At its height, it ruled over all the British Isles. The monarchy was restored on 29 May 1660, and would merge with Scotland on 1 May 1707 and later Northern Ireland on 1 January 1801 to form the United Kingdom. United States Went de facto independent from Great Britain with adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence Paraguay Independence from Spain Argentina Independence won from the Spanish Empire. Republican governments were established from 1811 onwards. Republican constitutions of 1819 and 1826 led to the adoption of the 1853 text Chile Independence was declared by the Spanish Empire. Between 1810 and 1814 there were Republican governments although nominally remained loyal to the Spanish monarchy. In 1817 there was re-established the independentist government and established a republican system in different constitutional texts. Venezuela Venezuelan constitution of 1819 adopted Colombia Republic of Colombia declared during the Congress of Angostura Panama Ecuador Incorporated into Republic of Colombia, end of Royal Audiencia of Quito Costa Rica Independence of United Provinces of Central America El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Peru Treaty signed after Battle of Ayacucho Bolivia Constitutional Congress declared Bolivia a republic Uruguay Ratification of Treaty of Montevideo Liberia Independent Republic of Liberia created Haiti Abdication of Emperor Faustin Dominican Republic Adoption of new constitution near end of Dominican Restoration War Mexico Emperor Maxmilian executed; Federal Republic officially restored France Emperor Napoleon III deposed and French Third Republic proclaimed as a result of the Franco-Prussian War Algeria Republican government instituted when French mother country became a republic Djibouti Ivory Coast Mauritania Senegal Brazil Emperor Pedro II deposed and Brazilian Republic proclaimed by Marshall Deodoro da Fonseca Madagascar End of Merina Kingdom Philippines First Philippine Republic. Cuba Official end of Spanish–American War Portugal King Manuel II deposed and Portuguese First Republic proclaimed as a result of the 1910 revolution Angola Republican government instituted when Portuguese mother country became a republic Cape Verde East Timor Guinea-Bissau Mozambique São Tomé and Príncipe China Republic of China (ROC) proclaimed as a result of the Xinhai Revolution. The ROC was initially in control of mainland China but later relocated to Taiwan. It is now commonly known as "Taiwan".The People's Republic of China was proclaimed on 1 October 1949 and is now in control of mainland China. It is commonly known as "China". Comoros End of the last remaining indigenous sultanate of Comoros, Ndzuwani, following the abdication of Sultan Said AliArmenia Emperor Nicholas II of Russia abdicated as a result of the February Revolution and Russia was proclaimed a republicAzerbaijanBelarusEstoniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanLatviaRussiaUkraineGeorgia The Democratic Republic of Georgia declared its independence.Azerbaijan The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic declared its independence.Armenia The First Republic of Armenia declared its independence.Czech Republic Czechoslovak Republic proclaimedSlovakiaLithuania King Mindaugas II deposed and Republic of Lithuania proclaimedGermany Emperor William II abdicated as a result of the German RevolutionAustria Republic of German Austria proclaimed following the dethronement of Emperor CharlesPoland Power transferred from the Regency Council to Chief of State Józef PiłsudskiFinland Constitution Act or Instrument of Government: Finland became a republicTurkmenistan Khan Sayid Abdullah deposed and Khorezm People's Soviet Republic proclaimedLebanon French Mandate of Syria established after the Battle of MaysalunSyriaTajikistan Emir Mohammed Alim Khan deposed and Bukharan People's Republic proclaimedUzbekistanTogo Formal beginning of French Togoland League of Nations MandateTurkey Republic of Turkey was proclaimed after the Turkish War of Independence, succeeding the Ottoman Empire Mongolia Mongolian People's Republic proclaimed. Now the date is celebrated as 'Republic Day' Public holidays in Mongolia Spain The Second Spanish Republic came to power on 14 April 1931 following the economic crisis caused by the 1929 Wall Street Crash. The Republic lost power after the Spanish Civil War. Francisco Franco then led Spain until his death on 20 November 1975 when democracy, along with the monarchy, was restored.Moldova Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic proclaimed following the annexation of Romanian Moldavia by the Soviet UnionIceland Republic of Iceland established after a referendumNorth Korea Korea liberated from Japan and the People's Republic of Korea established, divided into North Korea and South Korea a month later.South KoreaIndonesia Republic of Indonesia's proclamation of independence triggering the Indonesian National RevolutionVietnam Emperor Bảo Đại abdicated and Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimedTaiwan Taiwan and Penghu Islands transferred to the Republic of China. Since 1949, the ROC only controls Taiwan and the surrounding islands.Bosnia and Herzegovina Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia proclaimed while King Peter II was in exileCroatiaKosovoMontenegroNorth MacedoniaSerbiaSloveniaAlbania People's Republic of Albania proclaimed while King Zog was in exileHungary The Second Hungarian Republic proclaimedItaly King Umberto II renounced the throne and the Italian Republic was established after a referendumBulgaria Tsar Simeon II deposed and People's Republic of Bulgaria proclaimed after a referendumMarshall Islands end of South Pacific Mandate and beginning of Trust Territory of the Pacific IslandsMicronesiaPalauRomania King Michael abdicated and the People's Republic of Romania was proclaimedMyanmar Burmese independence declaredIsrael State of Israel proclaimedIreland Republic of Ireland Act came into forceIndia Constitution of India came into effect Egypt Republic proclaimed after revolution in 1952 South Sudan Independence of Republic of Sudan Sudan Pakistan Constitution of Pakistan came into effect and Governor-General Iskander Mirza became president. Three coups in 1958 Pakistani coup d'état, 1977 and in 1999 respectively before restoration of the civil electorate in 2008. Tunisia King Muhammad VIII al-Amin deposed Iraq Faisal II deposed/killed in 14 July Revolution Somalia Independence of State of Somaliland, which was united with the Trust Territory of Somalia on 1 July to form the Somali Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Gained independence as a republic Ghana Constitutional change after referendum on 27 April Cyprus The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus adopted South Africa Republican constitution adopted Cameroon End of British Trusteeship in Southern Cameroons, union with rest of Cameroon Rwanda Independence as a republic following monarchy referendum in 1961 Yemen King Muhammad al-Badr deposed and Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) proclaimed Nigeria Constitutional amendment Uganda Constitutional amendment Zambia Gained independence as a republic Kenya Republican constitution adopted Singapore Ousted from the Federation of Malaysia Malawi Republican constitution adopted Botswana Gained independence as a republic Burundi Republic declared after army coup d'état Nauru Gained independence as a republic Equatorial Guinea Gained independence as a republic Maldives Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi deposed and Maldivian Second Republic established after a referendum Libya King Idris I deposed by Muammar Gaddafi's coup d'état Guyana Co-operative Republic of Guyana proclaimed Cambodia The Khmer Republic (later known as Democratic Kampuchea, then the People's Republic of Kampuchea, and finally the State of Cambodia) was declared in 1970 when Prince Norodom Sihanouk was deposed. The monarchy was restored in 1993. The Gambia Republic proclaimed following a constitutional referendum Sierra Leone Republican constitution adopted Sri Lanka Sri Lankan constitution adopted Bangladesh The Constitution came into effect a year after the formation of the state in 1972. Three coups followed in 1975 and 1982. Afghanistan King Mohammed Zahir Shah abdicated after Mohammed Daoud Khan's coup d'état Greece Final abolition of monarchy; referendum Malta Republic of Malta proclaimed Eritrea Monarchy of Ethiopian Empire finally abolished Ethiopia Suriname Gained independence as a republic Laos King Savang Vatthana abdicated as a result of a communist revolution Seychelles Gained independence as a republic Trinidad and Tobago Republican constitution adopted Dominica Gained independence as a republic Iran Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi deposed and the Islamic Republic of Iran (a theocratic republic) was proclaimed as a result of the Iranian Revolution Kiribati Gained independence as a republic Central African Republic Emperor Bokassa I deposed in a coup d'état Zimbabwe Full independence of Zimbabwe Vanuatu Gained independence as a republic Fiji Fiji Republic proclaimed as a result of the coup d'état of Sitiveni Rabuka Mauritius Republic of Mauritius proclaimed as a result of constitutional changes Samoa Upon the death of Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoa changed to a parliamentary republic. Nepal Abolition of monarchy Barbados Republic of Barbados declared effective 30 November 2021.
January 1 January in Slovak Republic The day of creation of Slovak republic. A national holiday since 1993. Officially called The day of establishment of Slovak republic.
9 January in Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
After Yugoslavia fell apart, Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina wanted to stay with Serbia and Montenegro. Croats and Bosniaks, on the other hand, wanted to create an independent state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 9 January 1992, Bosnian Serb authorities declared the creation of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, now called Republika Srpska ("Serb Republic", not to be confused with the Republic of Serbia) as a state within the country of Bosnia of Herzegovina. Republika Srpska now celebrates Republic Day on the anniversary of the state's creation.
23 January in Philippines
26 January in India
The Constitution of India came into force, and India declared itself a Republic on 26 January 1950, a day thereafter celebrated annually as Republic Day in India. The Constitution had been drafted by the Constituent Assembly which was set up when India gained its independence from the British in 1947. This was a deliberate act: The 26 January was initially India's "Independence Day", one of Mahatma Gandhi's many symbolic acts during India's struggle for freedom against British colonial rule, and the adoption of the Constitution on this date was felt able to strengthen its initial meaning, one calling for Indians of all ages to declare their freedom from the British Raj by Mahatama Gandhi. It is one of three national holidays in India, the other two being the nation's Independence Day on 15 August (since 1947) and the birthday of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi on 2 October.