This is a list of heads of state and government who died in office. In general, hereditary office holders (kings, queens, emperors, emirs, and the like) and holders of offices where the normal term limit is life (popes, presidents for life, etc.) are excluded because, until recently, their death in office was the norm.

Such deaths have most often been from natural causes, but there are also cases of assassination, execution, suicide, accident and even death in battle.

The list is in chronological order. The name is listed first, followed by the year of death, the country, the name of the office the person held at the time of death, the location of the death (where known) and the cause of death.

Prior to 1850 Name Year Country Title Place of deathCause of deathMem de Sá1572Governor GeneralSalvador Spencer Compton 1743 Prime Minister Westminster Illness Henry Pelham 1754 Illness – skin infection Charles Watson-Wentworth 1782 Wimbledon Illness – influenza William Pitt the Younger 1806 Putney Illness – peptic ulceration Mateo de Toro Zambrano 1811 President of the Government Junta Santiago Spencer Perceval 1812 Prime Minister Westminster Assassination – shooting George Canning 1827 Chiswick Illness – pneumonia Pedro Blanco Soto 1829 Provisional President La Plata Assassination Ioannis Kapodistrias 1831 Greece Governor Nafplion Assassination – shooting and stabbing Manuel González Salmón 1832 Prime Minister Madrid Illness Casimir Pierre Périer France Prime Minister Paris Illness – cholera Miguel Barragán 1836 President Mexico City Illness – typhus José Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia 1840 Supreme Dictator Asunción Illness William Henry Harrison 1841 President Washington, D.C. Illness – pneumonia or enteric fever Agustín Gamarra President Ingavi Killed in action Philippe Guerrier 1845 Haiti President Saint-Marc Illness Mathabarsingh Thapa Nepal Prime Minister Kathmandu Assassination – shooting Fateh Jung Shah 1846 Assassination Jean-Baptiste Riché 1847 Haiti President Port-au-Prince Illness or poisoning

1850–1899 Name Year Country Title Place of deathCause of death Zachary Taylor 1850 President Washington, D.C. Illness – cholera or gastroenteritis(Possible assassination) Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg 1852 Minister-President Vienna Stroke Avram Petronijević 1852 Representative of the Prince Constantinople Josef Munzinger 1855 Member of the Federal Council Bern Henri Druey Stroke Stefano Franscini 1857 Bern Mustafa Reşid Pasha 1858 Grand Vizier Constantinople Myocardial infarction Carl Edvard Rotwitt 1860 Prime Minister Copenhagen Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour 1861 Prime Minister Turin Illness – malaria Jonas Furrer Member of the Federal Council Bad Ragaz Illness – kidney disease José Santos Guardiola 1862 President Comayagua Assassination – shooting Barbu Catargiu Romanian United Principalities Prime Minister Bucharest Romanian United Principalities Assassination – shooting Carlos Antonio López President Asunción Illness – gout and other diseases José Antonio Salcedo 1864 President Maimón Assassination – shooting Rafael Carrera 1865 President Guatemala City Illness – dysentery Abraham Lincoln President Washington, D.C. Assassination – shooting Henry Temple, Viscount Palmerston Prime Minister Hertfordshire Illness – fever Marcos Paz 1868 Interim President Buenos Aires Illness – cholera Ramón María Narváez Prime Minister Madrid Illness – lung disease Victor Ruffy 1869 Member of the Federal Council Bern Francisco Solano López 1870 President Cerro Corá Killed in action Juan Prim Prime Minister Madrid Assassination Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha 1871 Grand Vizier Constantinople Illness – tuberculosis Johan Rudolph Thorbecke 1872 Prime Minister The Hague Illness – cold Benito Juárez Mexico President Mexico City Mexico Myocardial infarction José Balta President Lima Assassination – shooting Tomás Gutiérrez Assassination – lynching Milivoje Blaznavac 1873 President of the Ministry Belgrade Myocardial infarction Adolfo Ballivián 1874 President La Paz Illness – stomach cancer Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt Prime Minister Heusden Gabriel García Moreno 1875 President Quito Assassination – shooting and stabbing Ahmed Esad Pasha Grand Vizier İzmir Assassination – poisoning Juan Bautista Gill 1877 President Villarrica Assassination – shooting Konstantinos Kanaris Prime Minister Athens Myocardial infarction and hemiplegia Francisco Linares Alcántara 1878 President La Guaira Illness – bronchial disorder Johann Jakob Scherer Member of the Federal Council Bern Illness – appendicitis Tēvita ʻUnga 1879 Premier Auckland Illness – liver disease Cándido Bareiro 1880 President Asunción Stroke Fridolin Anderwert Member of the Federal Council Bern Suicide – gunshot James A. Garfield 1881 President Elberon Assassination – shooting and medical ineptitude Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez 1882 President Alajuela Illness – tuberculosis Próspero Fernández Oreamuno 1885 Atenas Justo Rufino Barrios President Chalchuapa Killed in battle Ranodip Singh Kunwar Prime Minister Kathmandu Assassination Francisco Javier Zaldúa President Bogotá Agostino Depretis 1887 Prime Minister Stradella Illness – gout Wilhelm Hertenstein 1888 President of the Confederation Bern Illness and complications following surgery Francisco Menéndez 1890 President San Salvador Killed during a coup John A. Macdonald 1891 Prime Minister Ottawa Stroke John Ballance 1893 Prime Minister Wellington Intestinal disease and complications following surgery Louis Ruchonnet Member of the Federal Council Bern Myocardial infarction Lazar Dokić President of the Ministry Opatija Remigio Morales Bermúdez 1894 President Lima Illness – appendicitis Marie François Sadi Carnot President (also Co-Prince of Andorra) Lyon Assassination – stabbing Rafael Núñez President Bogotá Stroke John Sparrow David Thompson Prime Minister Berkshire Myocardial infarction Karl Schenk 1895 Member of the Federal Council Bern Accident – struck by carriage Florvil Hyppolite 1896 President Port-au-Prince Stroke Joseph James Cheeseman President Monrovia Friedrich Stellwag von Carion State Administrator Vienna Antonio Cánovas del Castillo 1897 Prime Minister Mondragón Assassination – shooting Juan Idiarte Borda President Montevideo Assassination – shooting José María Reina Barrios 1898 President Guatemala City Assassination – shooting Félix Faure 1899 President (also Co-Prince of Andorra) Paris Myocardial infarction Ulises Heureaux President Moca Assassination – shooting

1900–1949