Captain Richard Spratly (1802–1870) was a British sea captain and contributor to navigational records, after whom the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea are named.
Early life Richard Spratly was born on 22 January 1802 in the parish of All Saints, Poplar, East London. His father, Thomas, is described on his birth certificate as a boatbuilder. His mother was Ann née Myers. He was the second of four children (Mary Ann born 25 December 1799), Jane (born 15 December 1812) and William (born 18 March 1815).
Early voyages 1818, 6 June – Spratly first sails as an apprentice on Earl of Marley (possibly Earl Morley, a whaler) 1824, June – Spratly sails as 2nd officer on Marquis of Huntley, a convict ship 1832, 1 September – Convict ship York, with Richard Spratly as captain, sails from Plymouth with 200 convicts on board. 1832, 29 December – Convict ship York, with Richard Spratly as captain, arrives Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) 1833, 20 October – , under Captain Hingston, arrives Gravesend from the Southern Ocean. Owners were Jarvis and Co. 1834, 5 July – Richard Spratly replaces Hingston as master of Cyrus 1837, 25 October – Cyrus arrives at Portsmouth from South Seas 1838, (unknown) – Cyrus surveyed by Lloyds 1838, June – Cyrus departs on a whaling voyage
In 1844, Richard Spratly was sailing past Manado, on Sulawesi. He became the witness to an attack by a local sultan on Erskine Murray's yacht Young Queen, captained by Captain Hait, and the brig Anne, captained by Captain Lewis. The account was documented in a letter titled 'Honorable E. Murray' and published in the Sydney Shipping Gazette.
Kema incident According to accounts by the crew, on 24 February 1844, Cyrus anchored at Kema Roads, Celebes, with a valuable cargo of whale oil. The next day the crew went ashore, but returned a few men short. Two men, Heron and Robson, were spotted and told to return but fled after they were confronted, only to return later on the 28th. Crew members Howland and Heron went missing on 2 March. Finally on 3 March, after much searching and drunken antics by her crew on the Dutch-occupied island, Cyrus sailed away to return to England, but without the missing crew members.The Times, 13 September 1844
Upon returning to Great Britain in August 1844, the crew was summoned to a hearing by William Heron's mother. The incident had not been well documented, and there was not enough evidence to suggest one way or the other if Captain Spratly was guilty of abandoning them without a thorough search, therefore no jury trial followed. The account given by the newspapers was starkly different from the crew's accounts recorded by the courts, and gave more details of the course of events.The Times, 21 September 1844
Crew Circa. 1838–1844 Captain Richard Spratly, Master Chief Officer George Cotton Second Officer William Spratly Francis Rankin, Surgeon William Heron, Cooper's Mate (abandoned in Keimes, Celebes 1841) Mr Howland (abandoned in Keimes, Celebes 1841) Mr Robson Mr Brown George Lansdell
Contributions to navigational knowledge Captain Spratly occasionally submitted navigational routes and survey information to The Nautical Magazine and the Naval Chronicles.
On 29 March 1843, Spratly sighted what is now known in English as Spratly Island and Ladd Reef. Richard Spratly was the name reported by Captain Doyle of Australia and Captain Campbell of the Hydrographic Office His sighting was reported in The Nautical Magazine in the year 1843:
The publication of his voyage in the Nautical Magazine popularized his naming of the island, even though the island had previously been named "Horsburgh's Storm Island" by Captain James Horsburgh. The British Admiralty finally agreed that the scattered islands in the area be named the Spratly Islands.
Later voyages 1845, 22 May – Cyrus departs from The Downs [off Dover] 1845, 18 Sept – Cyrus under Spratly in Batavia, from London, for South Seas 1848, 1 June – Cyrus, under Spratly, returns to England from the South Seas 1848, 8 June – Spratly stops being Master of Cyrus 1849, March – Spratly becomes Master of Margaret 1849, 1 April – Margaret, under Spratley, departs bound for the South Seas 1851, 11 April – Spratly letter in The Nautical Magazine (p. 490: "Eastern Navigation from the Margaret") 1852, unknown – Margaret, Spratly, master, bound for the South Sea (Lloyds Register) 1852, 6 March – Spratly stops being master of Margaret 1853, 29 June – Richard Spratly makes claim for Master's certificate of service 1853, July – Richard Spratly granted Master's certificate in London 1858, 24 March – Atalanta, Capt. Spratly, belonging to Messrs. Wilson and Cooke, London, was despatched by Mr. J.B. Wilcocks, from Plymouth, on Wednesday, 24 March, with 396 Government emigrants for Melbourne, comprising 26 married couples, 98 single men, 163 single women, and 83 children, of whom 147 were English and 249 Irish; under the medical care of Mr. J.S. Ireland. 1858 7 June Atalanta arrives at Melbourne, VictoriaLonglist Of Ships . Fortunecity.com. Retrieved 2009-02-03. and Sydney in 1859.Atlanta . Mariners.records.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2009-02-04. 1860 5 March Atalanta (960 tons) departs England(?) carrying 345 emigrants (28 men, 297 women, 20 children) 1860 30 May Atalanta arrives Victoria, Australia after voyage of 86 days 1861 Richd Spratly noted in Census. Married, age 59. Master, not living on board. Vessel Atalanta. Number 5 Jetty North Side East India Docks
There is an entry for a Captain Richard Spratly as master of Redrose in 1864.[TSL] 1864, Unassisted passengers From British Ports 137 Captains + Ships to Victoria, Australia . Oulton.com (23 December 1999). Retrieved 2009-02-03. It's not clear if this is the same Richard Spratly.
Final days Richard Spratly died, "at the residence of his nephew, Ealing, Middlesex, aged 69.".Morning Post. Monday 2 May 1870 The address on death certificate is Oxton Villa, Ealing. The cause of death was pleuropneumonia. The informant was Richard's youngest child, Matilda M. Spratly, resident of Rock Ferry, Birkenhead.Entry of Death, General Register Office. Registered 30 April 1870
Family life He married Jane Miller at St George in the East, Cannon Street Road, London in 1828. He had four children: Jane Miller Spratly, born in Stepney, 24 February 1839; Richard Jolly Spratly, born in Stepney 21 June 1842; Thomas Miller Spratly, baptised in Whitechapel St Mary, 26 November 1845 and Matilda, born in Ramsgate 9 July 1849. In the 1861 UK National Census Rich Spratly is recorded as Master of the vessel Atalanta. Number 5 Jetty North Side East India Docks but not living on board. The family are recorded as: Richard (Master Mariner, 59) & Jane (born Whitechapel, 52) Spratly living together 22 Robinsons Road, Hackney (district 6) with Richard (son, 18 born Stepney), Thomas (son, 15 born Ramsgate) and Jane (daughter, 22 born Stepney). Matilda Spratly (daughter, 11, born Ramsgate, staying with friends)
References
External links Google Books: A Geographical Description of the Spratly Island and an Account of Hydrographic Surveys Amongst Those Islands