Following is a list of all Article III United States federal judges appointed by President Grover Cleveland during his first and second presidencies.All information on the names, terms of service, and details of appointment of federal judges is derived from the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center. In total Cleveland appointed 45 Article III federal judges, including 4 Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States (including 1 Chief Justice), 11 judges to the United States courts of appeals and United States circuit courts and 30 judges to the United States district courts.
Additionally, Cleveland appointed 2 judges to the United States Court of Claims, an Article I tribunal.
The Judiciary Act of 1891, approved March 3, 1891, during the intervening administration of President Benjamin Harrison, established the United States courts of appeals. Prior to the passage of that act, United States Circuit Judges were appointed solely to the existing United States circuit courts. Subsequent to the passage of that act, United States Circuit Judges were concurrently appointed to both the United States courts of appeals and the United States circuit courts. This situation persisted until the abolition of the United States circuit courts on December 31, 1911. Starting January 1, 1912, United States Circuit Judges served only upon their respective United States court of appeals.
Thus, the 2 United States Circuit Judges appointed during Cleveland's first administration were appointed solely to the United States circuit court for their respective circuit and were reassigned by operation of law to serve concurrently on the United States court of appeals and United States circuit court on March 3, 1891. The 6 United States Circuit Judges appointed to numbered circuits during Cleveland's second administration were appointed concurrently to the United States court of appeals and United States circuit court.
The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (now the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit) was established on February 9, 1893. As the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia had been abolished in 1863, the judges of this newly established court served only on the Court of Appeals and had no concurrent Circuit Court service. Cleveland appointed 3 judges to this newly established court during his second administration.
United States Supreme Court justices
First administration
# Justice Seat State Former justice Nominationdate Confirmationdate Beganactive service Endedactive service Mississippi Illinois
Second administration
# Justice Seat State Former justice Nominationdate Confirmationdate Beganactive service Endedactive service Louisiana Elevated to chief justice. New York
Court of appeals and circuit courts
First administration
# Judge Circuit Nominationdate Confirmationdate Began activeservice Ended activeservice Ended seniorstatus Elevated Originally nominated on December 20, 1887. That nomination was withdrawn on February 27, 1888 and renominated on the same day. Recess appointment; formally nominated on February 27, 1888, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 28, 1888, and received commission on February 28, 1888.
Second administration
# Judge Circuit Nominationdate Confirmationdate Began activeservice Ended activeservice Ended seniorstatus Elevated Appointed as Chief Justice of the court. Appointed as an associate justice of the Court. Laterally appointed Chief Justice of the same court on January 19, 1905.
District courts
First administration
# Judge CourtSee List of United States district and territorial courts Nominationdate Confirmationdate Began activeservice Ended activeservice Ended seniorstatus Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 14, 1885, confirmed by the United States Senate on March 30, 1886, and received commission on March 30, 1886. Elevated Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 9, 1886, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 13, 1887, and received commission on January 13, 1887. Elevated Elevated Elevated Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 20, 1887, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 26, 1888, and received commission on January 26, 1888. Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 20, 1887, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 19, 1888, and received commission on January 19, 1888. Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 20, 1887, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 23, 1888, and received commission on January 23, 1888. Elevated
Second administration
# Judge Court Nominationdate Confirmationdate Began activeservice Ended activeservice Ended seniorstatus Elevated Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 4, 1895, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 9, 1895, and received commission on December 9, 1895. Elevated Elevated Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 8, 1896, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 18, 1897, and received commission on February 18, 1897. Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 8, 1896, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 15, 1896, and received commission on December 15, 1896. Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 8, 1896, but the United States Senate did not confirm the appointment. The nomination was withdrawn on February 1, 1897.
Specialty courts
United States Court of Claims
# Judge Nominationdate Confirmationdate Began activeservice Ended activeservice Laterally appointed Chief Justice, previously served as a Judge of the same court. Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 8, 1896, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 28, 1897, and received commission on January 28, 1897.
Notes
Renominations
References General
Specific
Sources Federal Judicial Center