List of Cyrillic multigraphs

The following multigraphs are used in the Cyrillic script. The palatalized consonants of Russian and other languages written as C- are mostly predictable and therefore not included here unless they are irregular. Likewise, in the languages of the Caucasus, there are numerous other predictable multigraphs that are not included. These include doubled letters (or whole digraphs) that indicate 'tense' ('strong') consonants and long vowels; sequences with , , for labialized consonants; and sequences with or for ejective consonants or pharyngealized consonants and vowels. Tatar also has discontinuous digraphs.

А

: Archi:

: Archi:

: Dungan:

: Chechen: Ingush: Tabasaran:

: Archi:

В :

Shughni:

Г : Abaza: Archi: Lezgian:

: Tabasaran:

: Adyghe: Kabardian: Ossetian: Also found in several other languages where is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

: Aleut language (Bering dialect):

: Abaza: Adyghe: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Bezhta: Crimean Tatar: Dargwa: Kabardian: Karachay-Balkar: Kumyk: Lezgian: Ossetian: Tabasaran: Tatar: word-final

: Abaza: Archi: Lezgian:

: Adyghe: Kabardian: Ossetian:

: Abaza:

: Archi:

: Archi:

: Abaza: Abkhaz: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Bezhta: Dargwa: Kumyk: Lezgian: Shughni: Tabasaran:

: Abkhaz:

: Abaza: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Chechen: Dargwa: Ingush:

: Abaza:

Ӷ : Abkhaz:

: Abkhaz:

Д

Abaza: Adyghe: Aghul: Belarusian: Bulgarian: Crimean Tatar: Dargwa: Kabardian: Karachay-Balkar: (Karachay); (Balkar) Komi: Lezgian: Ossetian: Russian: Tabasaran: Ukrainian:

Abaza:

Abaza:

Abaza: Adyghe: Belarusian: Bulgarian: Dargwa: Kabardian: Komi: Lezgian: Ossetian: Russian: Shughni: Tabasaran: Ukrainian:

: Adyghe:

: Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

: Yakut:

: Abkhaz:

Е

Archi:

Archi:

Archi:

Ё : Dungan:

: Chechen:

Ж

Abaza: Archi: Tabasaran:

: Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced (palatalized to before and palatalizing vowels). However, in the word дождь ("rain") and its derivatives, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound (devoiced to in the nominative singular of дождь). The unpalatalized pronunciation in these words (unlike words with or ) is uncommon and considered nonstandard.

: Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced . However, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound (though this is becoming increasingly outdated).

: Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

: Adyghe:

: Adyghe:

: Abaza: Abkhaz: Adyghe: Kabardian:

: Abkhaz:

З : Archi: Lezgian:

Russian: (regular) or (conservative Moscow pronunciation) (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

: Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

Ӡ : Abkhaz:

И : Archi:

Archi:

: Chechen: Mongolian:

Archi:

Й : Moksha:

К : Abaza: Archi: Lezgian: or Khanty:

: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Chechen: Tabasaran:

: Archi:

: Chechen:

: Archi:

: Archi:

: Archi:

: Adyghe: Kabardian: Ossetian: or Also found in several other languages where is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

: Chechen Ingush

Kabardian:

Kabardian:

: Abaza: Adyghe: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Chechen: Crimean Tatar: Dargwa: Ingush: Kabardian: Karachay-Balkar: Kumyk: or Lezgian: Ossetian: Tabasaran: Tatar:

: Abaza: Archi: Lezgian:

: Adyghe: Kabardian: Ossetian:

: Abaza:

: Archi:

: Archi:

: Abaza: Abkhaz: Aghul: Archi: or Avar: Dargwa: Lezgian: Tabasaran:

: Archi: Lezgian:

: Abkhaz:

: Abaza: Adyghe: or Aghul: Archi: Avar: Chechen: Dargwa: Ingush or Kabardian: or Lezgian: Tabasaran:

: Abaza: Archi: Lezgian:

: Avar:

: Adyghe: Kabardian:

: Abaza:

: Itelmen: Nivkh:

Қ : Abkhaz:

: Abkhaz:

Ҟ : Abkhaz:

: Abkhaz:

Ӄ : Itelmen: Nivkh:

Л : Archi:

: Archi:

: Moksha: Mongolian:

: Adyghe: Archi: Avar: Kabardian:

: Archi:

: Avar:

: Abaza:

Abaza: Adyghe: Archi: Avar: Kabardian:

Archi:

Н

: Karachay-Balkar: Kumyk: or Uzbek:

: Crimean Tatar:

: Yakut: In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for a word-final , equivalent to pinyin .

Ң :

Khanty:

О : Chechen: Ingush:

: Selkup:

: Dungan

Archi: Shughni:

Archi:

: Chechen: Kumyk: Nogai:

Archi:

П

Aghul: Archi: Chechen Tabasaran:

: Ossetian:

Abaza: Adyghe: Aghul: Archi: Chechen: Dargwa: Ingush Kabardian: Lezgian: Tabasaran:

Adyghe:

: Itelmen: Nivkh:

Р : Moksha:

: Chechen: Ingush

С : Archi: Lezgian:

: Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Chechen:

: Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

: Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

Т : Archi: Lezgian: or

Abaza:

: Aghul: Archi: Chechen: Tabasaran:

: Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

: Abaza: Komi:

: Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

: Ossetian:

: Abkhaz:

: Abaza: Adyghe: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Chechen: Dargwa: Ingush Kabardian: Lezgian: Tabasaran:

Lezgian:

: Adyghe:

: Itelmen: Nivkh:

Ҭ : Abkhaz:

У : Chechen: Ingush: : Shughni:

Archi: Shughni:

Archi:

: Aghul: Chechen: Kumyk: Lezgian: Nogai: Tabasaran:

: Chechen:

Archi:

Ү : Turkmen: (until 1993, in that year the Turkmen alphabet became Latin)

Ф : Aghul:

: Abaza: Kabardian:

Х : Abaza: Archi: Lezgian: Khanty: or

: Kabardian: Ossetian:

: Aghul: Archi: Avar:

: Archi:

: Archi:

: Archi:

: Abaza: Adyghe: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Dargwa: Kabardian: Lezgian: Ossetian: Tabasaran:

: Abaza: Archi: Lezgian:

: Adyghe: Kabardian: Ossetian:

: Archi:

: Archi:

: Abaza: Abkhaz: Adyghe: Aghul: Avar: Chechen: Dargwa: Ingush: Kabardian: Lezgian: Tabasaran:

: Lezgian:

: Aghul: Avar:

: Archi:

: Archi:

: Abkhaz:

: Abaza: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Chechen: Dargwa: Ingush

: Abaza:

Ҳ : Abkhaz:

Ц : Archi: Lezgian: or

: In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for and , equivalent to pinyin and, before an iotated vowel, .

: Adyghe:

: Aghul: Avar: Tabasaran:

: Archi:

: Ossetian:

: Abkhaz:

: Abaza: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Chechen: Dargwa: Ingush Kabardian: Lezgian: Tabasaran:

Lezgian:

: Avar:

Ҵ : Abkhaz:

Ч : Abaza: Archi: Tabasaran:

: In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for , equivalent to pinyin .

: Aghul: Avar: Tabasaran:

: Adyghe: Ossetian:

: Abaza: Adyghe: Aghul: Archi: Avar: Chechen: Dargwa: Ingush Lezgian: Tabasaran:

: Abaza: Archi:

: Avar:

: Itelmen:

Џ : Abkhaz:

Ш : Abaza: Archi: Tabasaran:

: Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

: Adyghe:

: Adyghe:

: Abkhaz:

: Abkhaz:

: Abaza: Adyghe:

: Adyghe:

Щ : Archi:

: Kabardian:

Ы : Tsakhur:

Э :

Shughni:

: Dungan:

: Archi: Shughni:

: Archi:

: Archi:

Ю : In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for , equivalent to pinyin .

: Chechen:

Я : Dungan:

: Chechen: Ingush

Ӏ : Adyghe: Kabardian: :

Budukh: Kabardian (dialectal):

See also Cyrillic alphabets Cyrillic digraphs List of Cyrillic letters Pentagraph Tetragraph

References