The Kolopom languages are a family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (2005). Along with the Mombum languages, they are the languages spoken on Kolepom Island (Yos Sudarso Island) in South Papua, Indonesia.
Languages The Kolopom languages are:New Guinea World, Kolopom Central Kolopom: Kimaama (Kimaghama), Riantana Ndom Moraori
Proto-language Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:
| *m || *n || || |- | *p || *t || *s || *k |- | *mb || *nd || *ndz || *ŋg |- | [*w] || [*r] || [*j] || [*ɣ]
|*i|| ||*u |- |*e||*ɵ||*o |- |*æ||*a||
Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:
! !!sg!!pl |- !1 |*n[a/o] ||*nie |- !2 |*K[a/o] (?) ||*ŋgie |- !3 |*ep ||*emDe
Basic vocabulary Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !! Proto-Kolopom |- | head || *tipV; *mVrV[w] |- | hair/feathers || *muen[a] |- | ear/mind || ? *mVrVk; *[ndz][o/u]an |- | eye || *VnV |- | nose || *ŋgon |- | tooth || *t[e]r[a]k |- | tongue || *mepreŋg |- | blood || *iendz |- | breast/milk || *mam |- | louse || *nemeŋg |- | dog || *n[ia] |- | pig || *k[o/u][a] |- | egg || *uak |- | tree/wood || *nd[ua]t |- | man/person || *ndz[ia]p |- | woman/wife || *jowa[k] |- | moon || *kumbanV |- | water || *ndzu |- | stone || *mete |- | name || *n[e/a][k/ŋg] |- | two || *[j]enapa; *sVp
Cognates Cognates among Kolopom languages listed by Evans (2018):
|+ Kolopom family cognates ! gloss !! Kimaghama !! Riantana !! Ndom !! Marori |- | stone || mɛtɛ || mɛtoe || mɛtə || mɛrɛ / mara |- | cheek || cama || cəma || – || sama |- | name || nɛ || na || nar || neɣ / naw |- | rope || niɛ || na || nɛɣ || naʒ
Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970)McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. and Voorhoeve (1975),Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. mete, meːt, metö for "stone") or not (e.g. tuakwo, reːt, modo for "head").
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !! Kimaghima !! Ndom !! Riantana |- ! head | tuakwo || reːt || modo |- ! hair | muna || tomwen || rutivö |- ! eye | avuo || ununor || anömbö |- ! tooth | travae || trex || tudömbo |- ! leg | kura || tur || teː |- ! louse | nöme || neːmön || nöme |- ! dog | nöe || wawant || nia |- ! pig | ku || yar || ku |- ! bird | axanemö || nembörfe || ne |- ! egg | wo || wax || winömbana |- ! blood | dörö || eth || yerana |- ! bone | duno || in || nduka |- ! skin | krara || krikir || kwika |- ! tree | do || ndör; ndua || ndör; ndua |- ! man | ci || xarefe theref || rianoana |- ! sun | öre || wen || meːnoŋwa |- ! water | cu || wer || rö |- ! fire | i || u || drö |- ! stone | mete || meːt || metö |- ! name | ne || nar || ria |- ! eat | muye || xot || mora |- ! one | növere || sas || meːbö |- ! two | kave || thef || enava
Evolution Kolopom reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:
Kimaghana language: kura 'leg' < *k(a,o)ndok[V] nome 'louse' < *niman nanu 'older sibling' < *nana(i)
Riantana language: mu 'breast' < *amu modo 'head' < *mVtVna nome 'louse' < *niman
References
External links
Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Kolopom