During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces engaged in combat against the Empire of Japan in the South Pacific Area. As defined by the War Department, this consisted of the Pacific Ocean areas which lay south of the Equator between longitude 159° East and 110° West. It included New Zealand, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji, and most of the Solomon Islands.
In early 1942, the area was under the Seventh Air Force. By November, the Thirteenth Air Force, was formed to command and control AAF organizations in the southern areas of the widely separated Seventh Air Force and independent units scattered in the South Pacific Area during the Solomon Islands campaign. As the war progressed, Thirteenth Air Force units moved into the South West Pacific theatre and coordinated their activities with Fifth as part of the Far East Air Forces, a new formation.
Airfields and unit assignments
COOK ISLANDS
Amuri Field, Aitutaki Island, Cook Islands
Robinson (Omoka) Field, Penrhyn Island, Cook Islands
ELLICE ISLANDS
Funafuti Airfield, Funafuti Atoll, Ellice Islands
Seventh Air Force Headquarters, VII Bomber Command, November 1943 – January 1944 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 2 November 1943 – 13 January 1944 42d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 9 November 1943 – 8 January 1944 431st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 11 November 1943 – 15 January 1944
Nanumea Airfield, Nanumea Atoll, Ellice Islands
30th Bombardment Group, Heavy, 12 November 1943 – 3 January 1944 27th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy, 10 November 1943 – 14 March 1944 (operated from Abemama, Gilbert Islands 26 February-14 March 1944) 38th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy, 12 November 1943 – 12 March 1944 (operated from Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands 26 February-22 March 1944)
Nukufetau Airfield, Nukufetau Atoll, Ellice Islands
Seventh Air FOrce 26th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 11 November 1943 – 24 January 1944 (air echelon operated from Canton Island 12 November-31 December 1943) 98th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 11 November 1943 – 19 January 1944
FIJI ISLANDS
Nandi Airfield, Viti Levu Island, Fiji Islands
Seventh Air Force 42d Bombardment Group, 22 April – 6 June 1943 394th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 25 December 1942 – 3 January 1943 Thirteenth Air Force 394th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 4 January 1943 – 27 June 1943 (operated from Espiritu Santo and Guadalcanal 3–19 January 1943 and 25 April-5 June 1943) 431st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 24 July-31 October 1942 (air echelon operated from New Hebrides, August 1942)
Nausori Airfield, Viti Levu Island, Fiji Islands
NEW CALEDONIA
Magenta Airfield, New Caledonia Island, New Caledonia
Plaine Des Gaiacs Airfield, New Caledonia Island, New Caledonia
Thirteenth Air Force Headquarters, Thirteenth Air Force, 13–21 January 1943 Headquarters, XIII Fighter Command, 13–22 January 1943 4th Photographic Group, 22 November 1942-May 1943 4th Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group, May–November 1943 4th Photographic Group (Reconnaissance), November 1943-5 May 1944 42d Bombardment Group, 20 October 1943 – 20 January 1944 347th Fighter Group, 3 October – 29 December 1943 42d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 22 July-22 November 1942
Tontouta Airfield, New Caledonia Island, New Caledonia
NEW HEBRIDES ISLANDS
Pekoa Airfield (Bomber #2), Espiritu Santo Island, New Hebrides Islands
Seventh Air Force 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 1 December 1942 – 3 January 1943 23d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 1 December 1942 – 3 January 1943 31st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 30 November 1942 – 3 January 1943 72d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 24 September 1942 – 3 January 1943 (operated from Guadalcanal 4 October 1942 – 3 January 1943) 394th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (operated from Espiritu Santo and Guadalcanal 3–19 January 1943 and 25 April-5 June 1943) 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 22 July 1942 – 4 January 1943 26th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 22 December 1942 – 4 January 1943 42d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 23 November 1942 – 4 January 1943 (forward echelon operated from Guadalcanal) 98th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 11 August 1942 – 4 January 1943 (operated from New Caledonia 21 July-11 August 1942) 431st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 1 November 1942 – 4 January 1943 (forward echelon operated from Guadalcanal, December 1942) Thirteenth Air Force Headquarters, XIII Bomber Command, 13 January – 20 August 1943 Headquarters, XIII Fighter Command, 22 January–December 1943 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 4 January–18 August 1943 23d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 4 January 1943 – 3 January 1944 (operated from Guadalcanal 31 March-24 August 1943 and 21 October-7 December 1943) 31st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 4–17 January 1943 72d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 4 January 1943 – 8 January 1944 (operated from Guadalcanal 4 January-8 August 1943, 7 October-15 November 1943 and 13 December 1943 – 27 January 1944) 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 5 January-7 April 1943 26th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 5 January-28 March 1943 (forward echelon operated from New Guinea January 1943) 42d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 5 January-7 April 1943 98th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 5 January-7 April 1943 431st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 15 January-7 April 1943 18th Fighter Group, 11 March – 17 April 1943 4th Reconnaissance Group, 23 January 1943 – 6 May 1944 403d Troop Carrier Group, 13 September 1943 – 30 August 1944
Palikulo Bay Airfield (Bomber #1), Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides Islands
Luganville Airfield (Bomber #3), Espiritu Santo Island, New Hebrides Islands
Turtle Bay Airfield (Fighter #1), Espiritu Santo Island, New Hebrides Islands
Efate Airfield, Efate Island, New Hebrides Islands
Seventh Air Force 26th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 25 July-21 December 1942 (forward echelon operated from Espiritu Santo, August 1942, and Guadalcanal, September 1942)
NEW ZEALAND
Whenuapai Airport, Auckland, New Zealand
NORFOLK ISLAND
Norfolk Airport, Norfolk Island, Australia
SOCIETY ISLANDS
Bora Bora Airfield, Motu Mute Island, Society Islands
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Bougainville Island
Piva Uncle (North) Field, Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands
Piva Yoke (South) Field, Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands
Buka Island
Buka Airfield, Buka Island, Solomon Islands
419th Night Fighter Squadron (DET), 25 January – 27 May 1944
Guadalcanal Island
Carney Airfield, Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands
Headquarters, Thirteenth Air Force, 21 January – 15 June 1944 Headquarters, XIII Bomber Command, 20 August 1943 – June 1944 Headquarters, XIII Fighter Command, December 1943-15 August 1944 18th Fighter Group, 17 April 1943 – 23 August 1944 347th Fighter Group, 29 December 1943 – 15 January 1944 4th Reconnaissance Group, 6 May – 12 December 1944 419th Night Fighter Squadron, 15 November 1943 – 21 August 1944
Henderson Field, Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands
Thirteenth Air Force 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy), 19 August 1943 – 4 February 1944 31st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 17 January 1943 – 19 April 1944 (operated from Munda, 2 February-13 March 1944) 72d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (operated from Guadalcanal 4 January-8 August 1943, 7 October-15 November 1943 and 13 December 1943 – 27 January 1944) 394th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 28 June 1943 – 12 April 1944 (operated from Espiritu Santo and Guadalcanal 3–19 January 1943 and 25 April-5 June 1943 and from Munda 28 February-9 April 1944)
Koli Airfield, Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands
Thirteenth Air Force 42d Bombardment Group, 6 June – 20 October 1943 307th Bombardment Group, February 1943-28 January 1944
Kukum Field, Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands
New Georgia Islands
Munda Airfield, New Georgia Islands, Solomon Islands
Thirteenth Air Force 5th Bombardment Group, Heavy, 4 February–6 April 1944 31st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), (operated from here 2 February-13 March 1944) 72d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 9 January-14 April 1944 (operated from Guadalcanal (13 December 1943 – 27 January 1944) 394th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) (operated from Guadalcanal 28 February-9 April 1944) 307th Bombardment Group, 28 January – 29 April 1944
Russell Islands
Renard Field, Banika Island, Russell Islands, Solomon Islands
Sunlight Field, Banika Island, Russell Islands, Solomon Islands
TONGA ISLANDS
Tongatubu Airfield, Tongatubu Island
Seventh Air Force 68th Fighter Squadron, 58th Fighter Group, 16 May - 28 October 1942
See also United States Army Air Forces in the Pacific War (1941–1945) USAAF in Australia USAAF in the Central Pacific USAAF in the Southwest Pacific USAAF in Okinawa South Pacific air ferry route in World War II
References
Army Air Forces Installations Directory, 15 June 1945 Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .
U.S. Base Facilities Summary, Advance Bases, Central Pacific Area - U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas Headquarters, 30 June 1945