Jakobson is a patronymic surname meaning "son of Jakob". Notable people with the surname include:
August Jakobson (1904–1963), Estonian writer Barbara Jakobson (1933–2025), American art collector Carl Robert Jakobson (1841–1882), Estonian journalist, writer, politician and teacher Eduard Magnus Jakobson (1847–1903), Estonian wood engraver Gregg Jakobson (born 1939), American songwriter Idel Jakobson (1904–1997), Latvian NKVD investigator Lars Jakobson (born 1959), Swedish author Lars Jakobson Thingnæsset (1760–1829), Norwegian farmer and politician Leo Jakobson (born 1953), Estonian curler Maarja Jakobson (born 1977), Estonian actress Max Jakobson (1923–2013), Finnish diplomat Peeter Jakobson (1854–1899), Estonian writer Roman Jakobson (1896–1982), Russian linguist Maggie Wheeler (born 1961 as Margaret Jakobson), American actress
See also Jacobson (surname) Jakobsen, given name and surname