Russian federal highways (; lit. highways of federal importance of the Russian Federation) are the most important highways in Russia that are federal property. The following motorways are designated as federal.A February 7, 2007 order of the Russian Ministry of Transportation about highway ID numbers (Приказ Министерства транспорта Российской Федерации (Минтранс России) от 7 февраля 2007 г. N 16 г. Москва "Об утверждении Правил присвоения автомобильным дорогам идентификационных номеров") A Russian decree of December 24 1991 about the list of federal highways (RSFSR), with subsequent amendments by the Russian Federation (Постановление Правительства РСФСР от 24 декабря 1991 г. N 62 "Об утверждении перечней федеральных дорог в РСФСР"
All highways that connect Moscow with the capitals of the neighbouring countries and with the administrative centres of the subjects of the Russian Federation. They are identified by the prefix "M" in the national route signs; that are parts of the international road networks: European and Asian, identified by prefixes "E" and "AH" in the international route signs used simultaneously with the national route signs. Some highways that connect administrative centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation with each other (national route sign prefix "P," which is the Cyrillic "R") that are branching and bridging roads (national prefix "A"): access roads that lead to major transportation nodes and special objects access roads from the administrative centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation which has no highway connection with Moscow to the nearest sea and river ports and to the international borders. which interlink other federal highways.
The federal highways are classified in Russia into two categories: "motorways/Avtomagistral" (), not the same as the English term motorway "other".
Roads of regional and intermunicipal importance The local importance roads in Russia are designated with a letter prefix and a number as well as the OKATO (Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления, Russian classification on objects of administrative division) code for the region.
These roads use the following prefixes: P: Highways of federal or regional significance connecting the administrative centers of the Russian Federation A: Highways that are branching and bridging roads: access roads that lead to major transportation nodes and special objects access roads from the administrative centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation which has no highway connection with Moscow to the nearest sea and river ports and to the international borders which interlink other federal highways K: for other roads of regional importance N: for roads of intermunicipal significance
Network map
Some roads depicted here are in disputed territories outwith the Russian Federation
Federal highways
HighwayRouteLengthNotesMoscow - Belarusian borderMoscow - Tula - Orel - Kursk - Belgorod - Ukrainian borderMoscow - Kaluga - Bryansk - Ukrainian borderMoscow - Voronezh - Rostov-on-Don - Krasnodar - NovorossiyskOne of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M11 and M12 (all three are toll roads)Moscow - Ryazan’ - Penza - Samara - Ufa - ChelyabinskMoscow - Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan Originally continued to Ufa; this is planned to become portions of M12, R240 and R243Moscow - Yaroslavl - Vologda - ArkangelskMoscow - Volokolamsk - Latvian borderMoscow - Tver’ - Velikiy Novgorod - Saint PetersburgOriginally continued to Finnish border, but this was redesignated A181 in 2018Moscow – Saint PetersburgOne of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M4 and M12 (all three are toll roads)Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen (currently in operation), ~ (proposed)As of 2024, the stretch of M12 between Moscow and Kazan has been completed and put to operation; the rest of the motorway is under constructionSaint Petersburg - Petrozavodsk - Murmansk - Pechenga - Norwegian border Former M18Highway M4 - Tambov - Volgograd - Astrakhan Former M6Saint Petersburg - Pskov - Pustoshka - Nevel - Belarusian border Former M20Veliky Novgorod - Soltsy - Porkhov - PskovFormer A116Kaluga - Peremyshl’ - Belev - OrelOrel - Livny - Elets - Lipetsk - TambovOrel - Bryansk - Smolensk - Belarusian borderFormer A141Yaroslavl - Kostroma - Ivanovo - Vladimir - Gus-Khrustalny - Ryazan - Mikhailov - Tula - Kaluga - Vyazma - Rzhev - Tver - Uglich - YaroslavlBypass for M3; Russia's longest ring roadNizhny Novgorod - Saransk - Issa - Penza - SaratovCheboksary - Yoshkar-Ola - Kirov - SyktyvkarFormer A119R177Nizhny Novgorod - Yoshkar-OlaR178Saransk - Surskoye - UlyanovskContinues to Samara as 73R-178 and 36P-170R193Voronezh - TambovR207Penza - Balashov - Mikhailovka to route R260R208Tambov - PenzaAstrakhan - Kochubey - Kizlyar - MakhachkalaR216Astrakhan - Elista - StavropolFormer A154Route M4 "Don" - Vladikavkaz - Grozny - Makhachkala - Azerbaijani borderFormer M29R228Syzran - Saratov - VolgogradR229Samara - Pugachev - Engels - VolgogradKazan - Orenburg - Akbulak - Kazakh borderUfa - OrenburgR241Kazan - Buinsk - UlyanovskR243Kostroma - Sharya - Kirov - PermChelyabinsk - Kurgan - Omsk - NovosibirskFormer M51Novosibirsk - Kemerovo - Krasnoyarsk - IrkutskFormer M53Novosibirsk - Barnaul - Gorno-Altaysk - Mongolian borderFormer M52Krasnoyarsk - Abakan - Kyzyl - Chadan - Khandagayty - Mongolian borderFormer M54Irkutsk - Ulan-Ude - ChitaFormer M55Volgograd - Kamensk-Shakhtinsky - LuhanskFormer M21 and A260; runs through occupied UkraineR280Rostov-on-Don - Mariupol - Melitopol - SimferopolRuns through occupied UkraineChita - Never - Svobodnyy - Arkhara - Birobidzhan - KhabarovskFormer M58Kursk - Voronezh to route R22Former A144Yekaterinburg - Shadrinsk - KurganTyumen - Yalutorovsk - Ishim - OmskTyumen - Tobol’sk - Khanty-MansiyskYakutsk - MagadanFormer M56 "Kolyma"Moscow - Shchëlkovo to route A107Moscow - Dmitrov - Dubnaaccess road from Domodedovo AirportFormer portion of route M4Moscow-ZvenigorodFormer A105Iksha - Noginsk - Bronnitsy - Golitsyno - Istra - IkshaDmitrov - Sergiev Posad - Orekhovo-Zuevo – Voskresensk - Mikhnevo - Balabanovo - Ruza - Klin - DmitrovKrasnogorsk - Petrovo-Dalnee; connection to route A106 and entrance to state dacha No. 7 (in Petrovo-Dalnee)access road from highway A108 to the "Semonovskoye" facilityaccess road from route M10 to the state complex "Zavidovo"Chepelëvo - VelyaminovoCircular roadway in Moscow Oblast and MoscowVologda - Tikhvin to highway R21Beltway around Saint PetersburgVologda - Medvezhyegorsk to highway R21Former R5Kirovsk - Mga - Gatchina - Bol’shaya IzhoraSaint Petersburg - Sortavala to route R21Former A129Route A114 – Ustyuzhna - Kresttsy - Yazhelbitsy - Velikiye Luki - NevelOne portion former M10Chekshino - Totma - Kotlas - KuratovoMoscow - Maloyaroslavets - Roslavl - Belarusian borderFormer A101access road from highway M1 to Smolenskaccess road from highway M4 to Lipetskaccess road from route M4 to Voronezhaccess road from route M4 to Rostov-on-Donaccess road from route M4 to KrasnodarA137Route R21 - Tiksha - Ledmozero - Kostomuksha - Finnish borderTrosna - KalinovkaKrasnodar - VerkhnebakanskyDzhubga - Sochi - Abkhaz/Georgian borderFormer M27Route A147 to the Sochi bypassAdler - Krasnaya PolyanaFormer A148Tsivilsk - UlyanovskUrvan - Verkhnyaya Balkariya - UshtuluFormer R291Cherkessk - Dombay - Abkhaz/Georgian borderAccess roads from A155 to international holiday resort "Arkhyz" and the specialized Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of SciencesFormer portion of A155Mineralnye Vody Airport - KislovodskProkhladnyy - Baksan - ElbrusOne section former R289access road from Maikop to the Caucasian State Biosphere ReserveFormer R254Maikop - Bzhedugkhabl - Adygeysk - Ust-Labinsk - KorenovskFormer R253Vladikavkaz - Nizhniy Lars - Georgian borderFormer R301Vladikavkaz - AlagirFormer R297access road from highway R217 to Vladikavkaz AirportKardzhin - Alagir - Nizhniy Zaramag - South Ossetian/Georgian borderFormer R297 and R298Lermontov - CherkesskFormer A156Kochubey - Neftekumsk - Zelenokumsk - Mineralnye VodyFormer R263 and R285Saint Petersburg - Estonian borderFormer M11Saint Petersburg - Vyborg - Finnish borderFormer portion of M10Pskov - Izborsk - Estonian borderA215Lodeynoe Pole - Vytegra - Prokshino - Plesetsk - Brin-NavolokFormer R37Gvardeisk - Neman - Lithuanian borderA217Kaliningrad - SvetlogorskPrimorsk Half Ring RoadKaliningrad - Chernyakhovsk - Nesterov - Lithuanian borderBryansk - Novozybkov - Belarusian borderFormer M13A258Highway M4 - Kantermirovka - LuhanskRoute M4 - Novoshakhtinsk - LPR/Ukrainian borderFormer M19A289Krasnodar - Slavyansk-on-Kuban - Temryuk to route A290Former 03K-579Novorossiysk - Kerch, entrances to Port Kavkaz and Anapa AirportFormer M25; runs through occupied UkraineKerch - Simferopol - SevastopolFormer 35P-001, 35P-003 and 35N-113; runs through occupied UkraineYoshkar-Ola - Zelenodolsk to route M7Former R175Route R208 - Saratov - Pristannoe - Ershov - Ozinki - Kazakh borderSamara - Bolshaya Chernigovka - Kazakh borderFormer M32Orenburg - Ilek - Kazakh borderFormer R335Chelyabinsk - Troitsk - Kazakh borderFormer M36Omsk - Cherlak - Kazakh borderFormer M38A321Barnaul - Pavlovsk - Kazakh borderBarnaul - Rubtsovsk - Kazakh borderFormer A349Tulun - Bratsk - Ust’-Kut - Mirnyy - YakutskFormer R419Kultuk - Mondy - Mongolian borderFormer A164Ulan-Ude - Kyakhta - Mongolian borderFormer A165Chita - Zabaykalsk - Chinese borderFormer A166Never - YakutskFormer M56 "Lena"Route A360 - Chinese borderKhabarovsk - VladivostokFormer M60A371Vladivostok - OstrovKhabarovsk - Krasnyy Yar - Ariadnoe - Chuguevka - NakhodkaA376Khabarovsk - Lidoga - Vanino - Komsomolsk-on-AmurFormer 08A-1access road from Anadyr to Anadyr Airport (Ugolny)Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - KorsakovFormer R488Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - KholmskFormer R495A393Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - OkhaFormer R495access road from the Port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy to Elisovo Airport
Former routes R-1: Brin-Navolok - Mirnyy - Kargopol' - Pesok - Prokshino; downgraded to 11P-001 R-5: Vologda - Vitegra - Pudozh - Medvezhyegorsk, redesignated as A119 R-10: Pechenga to the border with Norway; became a portion of M18 (now R21) in 2003 R-12 "Lotta": Murmansk to the border with Finland; downgraded to 47A-059 in 2018 R-35: Saint Petersburg - Keikino; downgraded to 41K-008 R-37 "Lodeynoye Pole - Brin-Navolok": Lodeynoye Pole - Vytegra; upgraded to A215 in 2018 R-124: Shatsk - Sasovo - Pitelino - Kasimov; downgraded to 61K-012 1R-175: Yoshkar-Ola - Zelenodolsk to route M7; redesignated as A295 in 2018 1R-209: Kirsanov - Penza; became a portion of R208 R-216: Astrakhan - Liman; became a portion of R215 R-242: Perm - Yekaterinburg; split into portions of R243 and M12 R-253: Maikop - Labinsk - Korenovsk; redesignated as A160 R-254: Maikop - Guzeripl’ - Caucasian state Biosphere Reserve; redesignated as A159 R-263: Neftekumsk - Zelenokumsk - Mineral’nye Vody; became a portion of A167 R-285: Kochubey - Neftekumsk; became a portion of A167 R-289: Prokhladnyy - Baksan; became a portion of A158 in 2018 R-291: Kizlyar - Makhachkala; became a portion of R215 R-291: Route M29 - Verkhnyaya Balkariya - Ushtulu; redesignated A154 R-297: Alagir - Nizhniy Zaramag - South Ossetia; became a portion of A164 in 2018 R-297: Vladikavkaz - Alagir; redesignated as A162 R-298: Kardzhin - Alagir; became a portion of A164 in 2018 R-301: Vladikavkaz - Nizhniy Lars to the border with Georgia, redesignated A161 in 2017 R-314: Ufa - Orenburg (including Ufa bypass); redesignated R240 in 2010 1R-335: Orenburg - Ilek to the border with Kazakhstan (on to Uralsk); redesignated A305 in 2018 1R-344: Nyvta - Kudymkar, redesignated A153 in 2018 R-351: Yekaterinburg - Tyumen; became a portion of M12 in 2023 R-409 "Yeniseyskiy trakt": Krasnoyarsk - Eniseisk; downgraded to 04K-044 R-418: Irkutsk - Ust-Ordynskiy; redesignated as A332