Gnesin or Gnessin () is a Jewish Russian surname. People with this surname include:

Fabian Osipovich Gnesin (1837–1891), an official rabbi of Rostov-on-Don and father of a prominent Jewish Russian family of musicians and philanthropists. Sisters Gnesin: Yevgeniya Savina-Gnesina (1870–1940) Elena Gnesina (1874–1967):de:Jelena Fabianowna Gnessina Maria Gnesina (1876–1918) Yelizaveta Gnesina-Vitáček (1876–1953) Olga Alexandrova-Gnesina (1881–1963) Mikhail Gnesin (1883–1957), Jewish Russian composer Grigory Gnesin (1884–1938), singer and stage actor Gnesin State Musical College, Moscow Uri Nissan Gnessin (1879–1913), Jewish Russian writer, a pioneer in modern Hebrew literature Menahem Gnessin (1882–1951), Jewish Russian stage actor, younger brother of Uri Nissan Gnessin

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