The Shenjiying (), which directly translates to "Divine Machine Battalion", was one of Ming dynasty's three elite military divisions stationed around Beijing collectively called the "Three Great Battalions" (), and was famous for its utilization of firearm weaponries. Its name has also been variously rendered as Firearms Division,Charles Hucker, Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China (Stanford University Press, 1985), p. 417 (entry 5145). Artillery Camp,Chan Hok-lam, Cambridge History of China, Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1 (Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 248. Shen-chi CampEdward Dreyer, Early Ming China: A Political History, 1355–1435 (Stanford University Press, 1982), p. 193. and Firearm Brigade.Chan Hok-lam, "Li Ying", in Fang Chao-ying and Luther Carrington Goodrich (eds), Dictionary of Ming Biography 1368–1644 (Columbia University Press, 1976), p. 890.
Established during the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424), the Divine Machine Battalion was specifically created to specialize in firearm warfare. Later on the division provided half of Qi Jiguang's army with firearms and one cannon to every twelve soldiers.
The other two elite brethren divisions around the capital were the Five Barracks Battalion (), which drilled infantry in tactical manoeuvres; and the Three Thousand Battalion (), which specialized in reconnaissance, mounted combat and signalling. Firearms equipped included the fire lance, fire arrows, volley guns, cannons and matchlock guns such as the arquebus.
During the Qing dynasty, which succeeded the Ming dynasty, the military division utilizing firearm weaponries was known as the Firearm Battalion (). There was also a military unit called Shenjiying during the Qing dynasty but was known in English as the Peking Field Force. It was created in 1862 during the reign of Tongzhi Emperor and put in charge of protecting the Forbidden City.
See also Gunpowder weapons in the Ming dynasty Military of the Ming dynasty Military of the Qing dynasty Peking Field Force Firearm Battalion
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