This is a chronological list of wars in which Poland or its predecessor states, took an active part, extending from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the present. This list does not include peacekeeping operations (such as UNPROFOR, UNTAES or UNMOP), humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.
The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
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Piast Poland (960–1138)
During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands conquered in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids. +DateConflictBelligerents 1Belligerents 2LeadersEventsResult963Gero's raid on Poland Duchy of Poland Saxon Eastern March Mieszko IDefeat963– 967Polish-Veletian War Duchy of Poland Duchy of Bohemia (967)VeletiWolinians (967) Mieszko I Battle of Mieszko I with WichmanVictory972Battle of Cedynia Duchy of Poland Saxon Eastern March Mieszko I Prince CzciborVictory979-980Otto II's raid on Poland Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Mieszko IVictory981Vladimir the Great's Polish Campaign Duchy of Poland Kievan Rus' Mieszko IDefeat985–986Otto III's expedition against the Slavonians and Veleti Holy Roman Empire Duchy of PolandSlavonians (?) VeletiVictory988– 990Polish-Bohemian War Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia Mieszko IVictory989Polish invasion of Slavonians Duchy of PolandSlavonians of Pogorzelec–BrandebourgVictory991Otto III's expedition against the Veleti Holy Roman Empire Duchy of PolandVeleti Mieszko IVictory995Polabian expedition Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia ObotritesVeleti Bolesław IDefeat1000Battle of Svolder Norway Supported by: Duchy of Poland Sweden Bolesław IDefeat1003– 1005 Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Duchy of BohemiaVeleti Bolesław I Battles of the German–Polish War (1003–1018)Defeat1007–1013 Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Bolesław I Battles of the German–Polish War (1003–1018)Victory1013Bolesław the Brave's expedition to Kievan Rus Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Bolesław IVictory Release of Sviatopolk I1015–1018German–Polish War Duchy of Poland Moravians Holy Roman Empire Duchy of BohemiaMargraviate of AustriaVeleti Bolesław I Battles of the German–Polish War (1003–1018)Victory1015–1016Cnut's invasion of England Vikings Supported by:
Norway Sweden Duchy of Poland Danish-allied English Bolesław IVictory1017Yaroslav the Wise's raid of gord Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Bolesław IVictory1018Intervention in the Kievan succession crisisSviatopolk loyalists Duchy of Poland Kingdom of HungaryYaroslav the Wise loyalists Bolesław I Sviatopolk I Battle of the River BugVictory1022Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest Duchy of Poland Kievan Rus' Bolesław IVictory1028– 1031German–Polish War Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia Kievan Rus'
Exiled Norwegians Mieszko II Siege of Bautzen German-Bohemian-Ruthenian invasion of Poland (1030)Defeat1038Bretislav I's raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Duchy of BohemiaDefeat1038–1047Miecław's Rebellion Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus'Miecław's StateDuchy of Eastern PomeraniaYotvingians Casimir I Yaroslav the Wise Battle of Casimir I with MiecławVictory1047Casimir I's raid on Silesia Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Duchy of Bohemia Casimir IVictory Casimir I forced to pay tribute to the Czech duke as compensation1050Casimir I's raid on Silesia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Casimir IVictory1060 Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław IIDefeat1060Hungarian succession crisis Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary (Bela's supporters) Kingdom of Hungary (Andrew's supporters) Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław IIVictory1069–1071Expedition to Kiev Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus'PechenegsVarangians Bolesław II Wszebor Iziaslav I Sviatopolk IIVictory1070–1071Vratislaus II's invasion of Poland Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław IIInconclusive Peace enforced by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV1072Bolesław II's attack on Bohemia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław IIVictory Poland stops paying tribute to Bohemia1074Hungarian succession crisis Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary under Géza Kingdom of Hungary under Solomon Bolesław II Géza IVictory1076Bolesław II's attack on Bohemia Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław II Sviatoslav IIVictory Devastation of Czech borderlands1077Bolesław II the Bold's Expedition to Kiev Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Bolesław IIVictory Iziaslav I put on the throne1077Hungarian succession crisis Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary (Ladislaus' supporters) Kingdom of Hungary (Andrew's supporters) Holy Roman Empire Bolesław IIVictory Ladislaus I put on the throne1090–1091Polish expedition to Pomerania Kingdom of PolandPomeranians Władysław I SieciechDefeat1092Vasilko Rostislavich's raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus'Defeat1092Sieciech's expedition to Moravia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia SieciechVictory1093– 1100Civil War in Poland Władysław I Herman Sieciech Zbigniew of Poland Bolesław III Wrymouth Sieciech Władysław I Zbigniew Bolesław III Battle of GopłoInternal conflict Bolesław receives the whole of the south, including Silesia and a part of Lesser Poland Zbigniew receives central Greater Poland and Kuyavia Władysław continues to hold Masovia1093Bretislaus II raid into Silesia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Władysław I HermanDefeat Restoration of tribute for Silesia Bohemian leader agrees to provide the Polish prince with support in internal conflicts1096Bretislaus II raid into Silesia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Władysław I HermanDefeat Bretislaus II build Kamienec castle on newly captured territory1099Pomeranian expedition to Santok Kingdom of PolandWestern Pomerania Bolesław III Władysław I ZbigniewVictory1101Cuman raid on Poland Kingdom of PolandCumania Bolesław IIIVictory1102–1109Bolesław III's conquest of Pomerania Kingdom of PolandPomeranians Bolesław III Skarbimir Raid on Bialogród (1102) Raid on Kolobrzeg (1103) Raid on Brytyń (1105) Raid on Kolobrzeg (1107) Raid on Bialogród (1107) Battle of Ujście (1108) Battle of Czarnków (1108) Battle of Wieleń (1108–1109) Battle of NakłoVictory1103– 1108Civil War in Poland Bolesław III Wrymouth Kingdom of Hungary
Kievan Rus' Zbigniew of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław IIIInternal conflict Zbigniew expelled from Poland1103Bolesław III's war with Bohemia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław III Attack on Moravia Attack on SilesiaInconclusive Diplomatic success Payment from the Polish side Alliance between Bořivoj II and Svatopluk of Oloumouc is broken1108 Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław IIIVictory1108Bolesław III's expedition to Bohemia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław III Bořivoj IIVictory1109Henry V's expedition to Poland Kingdom of Poland Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław III Siege of Głogów Battle of Nakło Battle of HundsfeldVictory1110Raid of Zbigniew and Bohemia into Silesia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Zbigniew of Poland Bolesław IIIVictory1110Bolesław III's expedition to Bohemia Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław III Soběslaus I Inconclusive Military success Failure to put Soběslav I on the throne1112–1113Bolesław III's conquest of Pomerania Kingdom of PolandPomeranians Bolesław IIIVictory Capture of Wyszogród and Nakło1114Capture of Kladsko Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław III Soběslaus IVictory1114–1119Bolesław III's conquest of Pomerania Kingdom of PolandPomeranians Bolesław III Expedition to Prussia (1114) Expedition against Pomerania (1116) Expedition against Pomerania (1119)Victory Incorporation of Pomerania into Poland1117Skarbimir's rebellion Kingdom of Poland Rebels under Skarbimir Bolesław IIIVictory1120–1125Polish–Ruthenian War Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Bolesław III Kievan–Cuman raid on Poland Siege of Volodymyr Battle of WilichówVictory1121 Kingdom of PolandPomeranians Bolesław IIIVictory1124–1125Otto of Bamberg's expedition to Pomerania Kingdom of Poland Otto's forcesPomeranians Bolesław IIIVictory1127Warcisław I's expedition to Masovia Kingdom of PolandPomeranians Bolesław IIIDefeat Capture and plunder of Płock 1128Otto of Bamberg's expedition to Pomerania Kingdom of Poland Otto's forcesPomeranians Bolesław IIIVictory1129Intervention in Szczecin Pomerania Kingdom of PolandPomeranians Bolesław III Siege of WolinVictory Bolesław regained control over Western Pomerania1132Bolesław III's expedition to HungaryW. Czapliński, A. Galos, W. Korta: Historia Niemiec, p. 138. Duchy of Poland Kievan RusHungarian Opposition Kingdom of Hungary Duchy of Bohemia Duchy of Austria Holy Roman Empire Bolesław III Vladimir II Boris KalamanosDefeat1132-1135Soběslaus I raids into Silesia Duchy of Poland Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław III Raid into Silesia (1132) Four raids into Kozlé (1133) Two raids into Silesia (1134)Defeat1135Vladimirko Volodarovich's raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus'Defeat1136Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Rus' Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus'Victory
Feudal fragmentation (1138–1320)
In 1138, after the death of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Poland was divided into districts ruled by local princes. This began a period of feudal fragmentation that lasted for more than 187 years during which Poland was severely weakened due to incessant internal conflicts. The feudal fragmentation ended in 1320 during the reign of Władyslaw I Lokietek. +DateConflictBelligerents 1Belligerents 2LeadersEventsResult1142–1143Vsevolod II's raid on Poland Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus'Defeat1147Wendish CrusadeCrusaders including: Kingdom of PolandWendsVictory1154– 1155Henry of Sandomir's crusade to Palestine Polish knights Saracen Henry IVictory1157Frederick I's expedition to Głogów Kingdom of Poland CumaniaOld Prussians Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia Bolesław IVDefeat1163Polish raid on Rus' Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus'Victory1182– 1183War for Brest Kingdom of PolandRuthenian rebels Kievan Rus' Casimir II Mikołaj GryfitaVictory1190Expedition for Duke Vladimir Kingdom of PolandUnknownVictory1192Battle of Drohiczyn Kingdom of PolandYatvingians Kievan Rus'CumaniansPolish rebels Casimir IIVictory1199Leszek the White's expedition to Halych Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Leszek the WhiteVictory1205Battle of Zawichost Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of MasoviaHouse of Welf Kingdom of Galicia–VolhyniaHohenstaufen Leszek the White Konrad IVictory1206Leszek the White's expedition to Volodymyr Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Leszek the WhiteVictory1207Leszek the White's expedition to Volodymyr Duchy of Sandomierz Duchy of Kraków Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Leszek the WhiteVictory1209–1211Battle of Lubusz Duchy of Silesia Duchy of Greater Poland Margraviate of Brandenburg Henry the Bearded