Harpalyke , also known as and previously as , is a small natural satellite or moon of Jupiter. It is one of Jupiter's many irregular moons, which orbit far from the planet on highly inclined and eccentric orbits. Harpalyke was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard on 23 November 2000 and was named after Harpalyce, daughter of Clymenus.IAUC 7998: Satellites of Jupiter 22 October 2002 (naming the moon)
It orbits Jupiter in the retrograde direction—opposite to the direction of the planet's rotation—at an average distance of . Harpalyke shares similar orbital properties as Jupiter's larger irregular moon Ananke, which makes it a member of the Ananke group. The moons of the Ananke group are believed to be fragments of an asteroid or trans-Neptunian object that was gravitationally captured by Jupiter and destroyed by a collision several billion years ago. Most of Harpalyke 's physical properties are unknown, it estimated to be about 4 km in diameter and its surface is be probably dark and gray in color.
Discovery and Naming Harpalyke was discovered in November 2000, along with ten other Jovian moons by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaiʻi led by Scott S. Sheppard and given the temporary designation .IAUC 7555: Satellites of Jupiter 5 January 2001 (discovery)MPEC 2001-A28: S/2000 J 2, S/2000 J 3, S/2000 J 4, S/2000 J 5, S/2000 J 6 January 5, 2001 (discovery and ephemeris)
In October 2002, the moon was named after Harpalyce, the incestuous daughter of Clymenus, who in some accounts was also a lover of Zeus (Jupiter).
Orbit The satellite orbits Jupiter at a mean distance of 21,280,180 km and completes one orbit in 634.19 days. Its orbit has an inclination of 148° relative to the ecliptic and an eccentricity of 0.160. The orbit is subject to continuous changes due to gravitational perturbation from the Sun and the other planets.
Group membership and origin
Harpalyke belongs to the Ananke group, a group of irregular retrograde Jovian moons. Members of this group orbit Jupiter at distances of approximately 19 to 22 million km, with orbital inclinations ranging from 144° to 156° and eccentricities between 0.10 and 0.30. The moons of the Ananke group are believed to be fragments of an asteroid or trans-Neptunian object that was gravitationally captured by Jupiter and destroyed by a collision several billion years ago.Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D. C.; "An Abundant Population of Small Irregular Satellites Around Jupiter" , Nature, Volume 423 (May 2003), pages 261–263Nesvorný, D.; Alvarellos, J. L. A.; Dones, L.; and Levison, H. F.; "Orbital and Collisional Evolution of the Irregular Satellites", The Astronomical Journal, Volume 126 (2003), pages 398–429
Physical characteristics Due to its small size, Harpalyke appears very faint from Earth with a visual apparent magnitude of around 22,2, so it can only be observed by very large, sensitive telescopes. Assuming Harpalyke has a low geometric albedo of 0.04 like other irregular moons, 's diameter has been estimated to be 4 km.Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D. C.; and Porco, C. C.; Jupiter's Outer Satellites and Trojans, in Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, edited by Fran Bagenal, Timothy E. Dowling, and William B. McKinnon, Cambridge Planetary Science, Volume 1, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, , 2004, pages 263-280 The shape of the moon is currently unknown. However, given its small size, it is likely to have an irregular shape, similar to other small irregular moons.
The satellite appears grey (color index R-V=0.43), similar to C-type asteroids.Grav, T.; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; and Aksnes, K.; Photometric Survey of the Irregular Satellites, Icarus, Volume 166 (2003), pages 33-45
Exploration Harpalyke has not been imaged up close by a space probe. All Jupiter irregular moons including Harpalyke are planned to be distant observation targets for the European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (Juice) mission, which will measure the Jupiter irregular moons' rotation periods and shapes by watching their brightness change over time.
References <li value="8">Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES Mean orbital parameters NASA JPL
External links David Jewitt pages Scott Sheppard pages