Anostomus is a small genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes in the family Anostomidae, the toothed headstanders. This species in this genus are found in South America. They occur in the Orinoco and Amazon Basin, as well as various rivers in the Guianas. Petulanos was until recently included here.
Species Anostomus contains the following species: Anostomus anostomus (Linnaeus, 1758) (striped anostomus, striped headstander) Anostomus longus Géry, 1961 Anostomus ternetzi Fernández-Yépez, 1949
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