Commer was a British manufacturer of commercial and military vehicles from 1905 until 1979. Commer vehicles included car-derived vans, light vans, medium to heavy commercial trucks, and buses. The company also designed and built some of its own diesel engines for its heavy commercial vehicles.
History
This business belonged to Commercial Cars Limited, a company incorporated in September 1905 by directors H. C. B. Underdown, barrister and director of Direct United States Cable Co with H. G. Hutchinson a director of Royal Exchange Assurance to manufacture: commercial cars, omnibuses, charabancs, fire engines and every kind of industrial vehicle. In 1920, it was described as the first company to specialise in the manufacture of internal combustion industrial commercial vehicles.Commercial Cars Limited Prospectus The Times, Tuesday, Jul 27, 1920; pg. 22; Issue 42473 In order to go into volume production a site was bought in September 1905 at Biscot Road, Biscot, Luton.page 5, "Luton News and Bedfordshire Chronicle" – Thursday 19 October 1905 Construction of extensive new workshops began on the five-acre site which was mostly complete by late 1906. Commercial Cars became a member of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders in August 1906.page 9, Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser – Wednesday 15 August 1906 It was one of the first manufacturers of commercial vehicles in the United Kingdom, its speciality being the Commer Car.Commercial Cars, Ltd. The Times, Saturday, Oct 09, 1926; pg. 9; Issue 44398
At Olympia's Commercial Motor Show in March 1907, Commer exhibited a motor-bus chassis with a 30–36 horsepower engine and a gearbox invented by Mr Linley, the works manager. Dog-clutches made the change rather than the spur wheels which remained in constant mesh. As well as the bus chassis Commer displayed a char-a-banc for thirty passengers and delivery vans being run by a substantial enterprise.page 5, Luton Times and Advertiser – Friday 15 March 1907
A new "large and powerful" lorry, E43, registration BM 787, took part in the Great Commercial Motor Trials in September 1907. It also had a constant mesh gearbox (Comer (sic) slogan—'dogs which bite with a click'). Unladen weight was (3.7 tonnes) 3 tons 13 cwt, the engine had four-cylinders, its output was 33 horsepower at 800 rpm. It had four forward speeds and was driven by side chains. Length 20 feet (6 metres), width just over (2.1 metres) seven feet and height (1.76 metres) two inches under six feet. The platform was (3.6 metres) twelve feet long. The newspaper noted that a Commercars "chassis" was transporting passengers at Widnes.page 5, Luton Times and Advertiser – Friday 13 September 1907
Production of the first truck, the 3-ton RC type started in 1907. This was later modernized into the SC and so on through the YC range, which was also known as the "Barnet" series of trucks. Their first bus was made in 1909. With the outbreak of the First World War the factory turned to the manufacture of military vehicles for the British Army, and by 1919 more than 3,000 had been made.
Though obliged to undergo financial restructure in 1920 in the hope of avoiding creditors, the business was unable to avoid repayment of a debt of £75,000 due to the Treasury, raised in order to pay 60 per cent Excess Profits Duty on wartime activities. Eventually, after agreeing terms with the Receiver in 1925, Commer was bought in 1926 by Humber.Humber, Limited. The Times, Thursday, Dec 03, 1925; pg. 22; Issue 44135 In 1931 Humber became a 60-percent-owned subsidiary of the Rootes Group.
The Commer name was replaced by the Dodge name during the 1970s, following the takeover of Rootes by Chrysler Europe. After Peugeot purchased Chrysler Europe in 1978, the Commer factory was run in partnership with the truck division of Renault, Renault Trucks. For some time, it continued to produce the Dodge commercial truck range with Renault badges, and there was a small amount of product development. Eventually, Dodge production was cancelled in favour of mainstream Renault models, and there was a switch to the production of Renault truck and bus engines in the early 1990s.
Many Commer vans and lorries are notable for being fitted with the Rootes TS3 engine, a two-stroke diesel three-cylinder horizontally opposed piston engine, which came to be known as the "Commer Knocker" owing to the distinct noise it produced. Newer Commer vehicles had Perkins and Cummins diesel engines, and, less commonly, Mercedes diesel engines.
Trucks
Commer N- and LN-series
The N-series was introduced in 1935, and was also used by the British armed forces in World War II. Production was halted in 1939 and was not recommenced after the war. Cab-over and bonneted trucks were both available, fitted with petrol or diesel engines.Miller, p. 64 The six-cylinder petrol engine was available in or versions. The Perkins Leopard diesel engine was also available.
The range included N as well as the lighter-duty LN range of trucks (numbered N1 through N6 depending on their approximate weight capacities in tons), as well as the PN-series of buses, commonly fitted with diesels. There was also the 4/5 ton PLNF5 introduced in 1938. The LN was officially capable of carrying weights similar to those of the corresponding N-series trucks, but had a lower overall max weight and was "definitely not intended to carry an overload" – a tacit recognition of British truckers' habitual overloading of their trucks. The LN-range was also designed to operate effectively within the 1930s 30 mph speed limit for heavier lorries. After the introduction of the 4/5-ton LN5, the -ton () N5 was discontinued. However, the market decreed otherwise and the N5's revival was announced in February 1938.Miller, p. 66
Commer Superpoise
The Commer Superpoise range (Q-series) was introduced in 1939, with both semi-forward and full-forward control options.Commer, www.roadtransporthall.com Retrieved 11 September 2015 These newer models were more streamlined and modern in appearance and adopted an American International-like front end. The line included trucks of to six tons capacity powered by 6-cylinder petrol or diesel engines. A new Superpoise range (QX-series, although QX had also been used on some earlier Superpoises) with payloads of between two and five tons was introduced in 1955.
The truck proved fairly popular but did not provide fierce competition for products by more known brands such as Leyland and Bedford. Production ended in 1961.
Even though Commer was not purchased by Chrysler until 1967, the British Dodge 200 series (the successor to the Dodge 100 "Kew" trucks) which came out in 1958, had its cab styled by a company called Airflow Streamlines of Northampton after Chrysler contracted them. Airflow Streamlines was coincidentally the same company that styled the 1955 Superpoise, leading to both vehicles using almost the same cab design and having many parts interchangeable. For export markets, the 200 series was sold as a Fargo or DeSoto.
The Dodge would go on until 1963, before being modernized as the "Dodge 400 series", receiving the cab of the American Dodge D series medium-duty truck and a new range of engines by Perkins and Leyland Motors. This model was mostly produced for export but was also available to the United Kingdom. The model was not successful on its home market and production there would end by 1965. Due to the Dodge 400 series being almost identical to the original American truck, telling the two apart is not easy.
Dodge would re-use the method of mating an American truck with a European chassis on the Dodge 50 series of 1979, effectively using the Dodge B series van cab and a British designed medium-duty truck platform.
Buses
Commer produced buses and is recorded as delivering four to Widnes in 1909. The Commando was released after the Second World War, and the Avenger on 28 February 1948, fitted with the TS3 engine from 1954. The Commando was used as a Crew Bus by the Royal Air Force following the Second World War with a 1 1/2 Length Observation deck.
Light commercial vehicles
Commer 8 cwt
The Commer 8 cwt was a light commercial vehicle produced by Commer during the 1930s, competing in the 8 long cwt (410 kg) van range. It had a four-cylinder engine with 1185 cc. The bore was 63 mm and the stroke was 95 mm. The maximum power was 33 hp at 4100 rpm. The tank had a capacity of 33 litres. The wheelbase was 2340 mm.
Commer Light Pick-up
The Commer Light Pick-Up was a pickup truck based on the Hillman Minx saloon and produced by Commer during the 1950s; a similar Hillman-badged model was also produced.Mark VIII Light Pick-up (utility) Retrieved from www.sa.hillman.org.au on 22 August 2012 The Mark III was powered by a four-cylinder engine, the Mark VI by a unit and the Mark VIII by a engine. Production ended in about 1958.
Australian production circa 1950 included a coupé utility variant with an additional side window.A rare utility/pickup truck based on Hillman/Commer mechanicals, www.oldclassiccar.co.uk Retrieved 11 September 2015
Commer Express Delivery Van
The Commer Express Delivery Van was a light commercial vehicle produced by Commer during the 1950s, competing in the van range.The Commer Express Delivery van Retrieved from www.oldclassiccar.co.uk on 22 August 2012 It was based on the Hillman Minx saloon and evolved in parallel with that model, with designations ranging from Mark III to Mark VIIIB.Club Library Parts Catalogu es Retrieved from www.sa.hillman.org.au on 22 August 2012 The 1957 model, which featured a load space of and a payload of approximately 9 cwt, was powered by a four-cylinder Hillman engine and was fitted with a four-speed column-change gearbox. It had coil-sprung independent front suspension and drum brakes all round with twin-leading-shoe units at the front.
It was replaced by the Commer FC vans.
Commer Cob
The Commer Cob is a 7 cwt delivery van introduced in early 1956 based on the Hillman Husky,HILLMAN 1956 Retrieved on 12 August 2012 itself a derivative of the Hillman Minx Mark VIII.Commer Cob Retrieved from www.simoncars.co.uk on 12 August 2012 Although similar to the Express it was shorter overall with a smaller payload area and a more rounded design. In 1958 new Cob and Husky models were introduced, based on the "Audax" Hillman Minx.
Commer Imp Van
The Commer Imp Van was introduced in September 1965Commer Imp Van Retrieved on 12 August 2012 and was based on the Hillman Imp saloon.The range expands; status quo maintained Retrieved on 12 August 2012 It was renamed as the Hillman Imp Van in October 1968, with total production reaching 18,194 units prior to it being phased out in July 1970. The last generation of the Hillman Husky estate car, which was introduced in July 1967, was based on the Imp Van and used the same sheetmetal ahead of the B-pillar.
Commer BF type forward control and B type
The Commer BF/B was a light/medium duty van produced by Commer from 1957, with a design similar to that of the present step-van. Many examples of these vans were coach-built as ice cream vans and ambulances. A number of chassis cab versions were also produced but most of these went for export to countries such as Hong Kong and Sweden, where they were sometimes converted as pickup trucks and box trucks with local bodywork and some other modifications. It had a payload and was fitted with a 2267 cc Straight-4 ohv Humber Hawk engine alongside the transmission. A diesel version of the same engine was also available. Production ended in 1966 after Commer had launched the newer Walk-Thru in 1961, leading to the BF being offered as a cheaper alternative to what eventually became its successor.
Due to the relation between Commer and Karrier at the time, a rebadged version of the BF was also built and sold by Karrier.
Commer Walk-Thru