Malaysia–Philippines relations (; ) refers to the bilateral relations between Malaysia and the Philippines. The Philippines has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Makati and a consulate general in Davao City. The people of the two neighbouring countries have a long history of cultural and political relations.
They are both founding members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, both countries are of Malayo-Polynesian stock, and both are important trading partners. The two countries have participated in joint conservation and security measures in the Sulu Sea, which lies between the two countries.
Malaysia has assisted in peacekeeping efforts in Mindanao, although in the past the attempt of President Ferdinand Marcos to retake eastern Sabah under the claim of the Sultanate of Sulu by forces through "Operation Merdeka" failed badly. Following the arrest of Nur Misuari in 2001, Malaysia Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad said in a statement that they previously funded and supported the insurgencies in Mindanao, to fight against the Philippines, which also economically devastated the Moro people, but now have ceased doing so. Both countries are now involved in the ongoing disputes over ownership of the Spratly Islands and parts of Sabah.
History
Both Malaysia and the Philippines was once part of the Maritime Jade Road.Tsang, Cheng-hwa (2000), "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan", Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 20: 153–158, doi:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan's relations with the Philippines date back millennia, so it's a mystery that it's not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan Times.Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar. In the precolonial era, before Portugal then the United Kingdom conquered Malaysia and before Spain then the United States conquered the Philippines, the Malaysian and Philippine kingdoms had Datus, Rajahs and Sultans who intermarried with each other and were related. In the Philippines, the Kedatuan of Madja-as were founded by Datus from the collapsing Malay Peninsula and Sumatra centered Srivijaya Empire which extended even to Brunei (At their colony in Vijayapura at Sarawak), was a rump state of Srivijaya in the Visayas islands at the Philippines, the Rajah Makatunao whom the Visayan 10 Datus of the Kedatuan of Madja-as rebelled against was said to be Rajah Tugao, leader of the Melanao nation in Sarawak. Then the Rajahnate of Cebu, otherwise known as the Hindu nation of Sokbu (束務) in ancient Chinese records,SONG, MING, AND OTHER CHINESE SOURCES ON PHILIPPINES-CHINA RELATIONS By Carmelea Ang See. Page 74. which had a Sanskrit-Tamil named capital: "Singhapala" (சிங்கப்பூர்) meaning "Lion-City" which is the same root word as Malaysia's neighbor, Singapore, was founded by a half Malay and half Tamil from Sumatra named Sri Lumay; while the founder of the Sultanate of Maguindanao (کسلطانن ماڬيندناو), Sharif Kabungsuwan, who ruled in the Philippines, was born from what is now the Malaysian state of Johor ( کسلطانن جوهر ); The Sultans and Rajahs of Malacca, Johor, Brunei, Banjar, and Sambas in what is now Malaysia and the Sultans of Sulu, Maguindanao, Lanao and Manila, as well as the Rajahs of Cebu and Butuan at the Philippines, also intermarried each other. Migration wasn't one-way though, Malaysia also had Filipino immigrants, some of whom were called Luzones and they had administrative positions and commercial networks, as in the case of Regimo Diraja who was a Governor/Temenggong (تمڠݢوڠ) in the Sultanate of Malacca, another Filipino, was Surya Diraja who was a shipping magnate based in Malacca that sent 175 tons of pepper to China annually.Pires, Tome, A suma oriental de Tome Pires e o livro de FranciscoRodriguez: Leitura e notas de Armando Cortesao [1512 – 1515], translated and edited by Armando Cortesao, Cambridge: Hakluyt Society, 1944. There is also Mjmjam in Northwest Malaysia (Now the state of Perak), which hosted a colony of Luzones (Filipinos). The Portuguese noted that Lução (Filipino) soldiers were in every garrison of Malaca, prized for their seamanship and ferocity in skirmishes with the Johor fleet.Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, in História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia (Lisbon, 1551) Vol. 1, pp. 201–205 (Livro V, cap. 34), Malacca garrison (1511–20s) And it was written in Gaspar Correia's, Lendas da Índia (Acad. das Ciências de Lisboa, 1858–64) Vol. 1, pp. 312–318 (Livro III, cap. LV) Malacca restoration (1526): "When the Sultan of Malacca fled, he took refuge with a Luções chieftain; fifty Lução ships then returned him to power, fighting their way through Johor’s blockade." There were lively commercial and population exchanges between what is now the Philippines and Malaysia during the precolonial period, however, the onset of Western colonization broke the trade and political links between the nations of the two areas as Malaysia fell under Portuguese and then British Imperialism while the Philippines fell to Spanish rule.
Eventually, the Latin American Wars of Independence inspired the revolt of Andres Novales as Latin American immigrants and military exiles to the Philippines: from Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Costa Rica, supported Andres Novales' revolt against Spain, which though defeated, inspired the successful Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire which created the First Philippine Republic. However, it was crushed by an invasion of the United States. Nevertheless, the Philippines was eventually granted by the United States the status of independence after the devastation of the Japanese occupation. The Malaysians on the other hand, supported by Chinese and Indians, also fought for their independence from British rule during the Malayan Emergency. The British thereafter promised eventual independence in the aftermath of the Japanese invasion.
In 1959, shortly after, the Federation of Malaya, the predecessor state of Malaysia, became independent, the Philippines established a legation in Kuala Lumpur. Both countries are current members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and the Asian Union. In 1961, the Philippine legation was elevated into an embassy. On the same year, then Philippine President Carlos P. Garcia made a state visit to Malaya where he discussed the formation of an Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) with then Malayan Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman. The ASEAN was founded on 8 August 1967 by five Southeast Asian states including then Malaya and the Philippines.
Together with the Indonesia, the two countries were also members of Maphilindo, a short-lived nonpolitical union formed during a summit in Manila from 31 July to 5 August 1963. The organisation was dismantled after one month, partly due to Indonesia's policy of Konfrontasi with Malaysia. The two countries co-operate closely in many areas.
Diplomatic relations
Cultural The people of the island complex that includes Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are ethnically similar, with most speaking closely related Malayo-Polynesian languages. Both countries also have large Chinese minorities, who often maintain close cross-border ties.
Economic Malaysia and the Philippines are important trading partners. In 2002, the Philippines was the 16th largest export market and the 9th largest import market of Malaysia. Malaysia on the other hand is the 7th largest export market and 8th largest import market of the Philippines. Malaysia is also second main source of foreign investments for the Philippines among all of the members of the ASEAN countries. There is also a Malaysia Philippines Business Council.
Labour and domestic workers
Most Filipinos near the border have been traditionally engaging in barter trade with the coastal people in eastern Sabah since the Sultanate of Sulu period and maintains close relationship between them with a constant movement of people from the southern Philippines to Sabah. The barter system was stopped in 2016 when Malaysia close its border prior to the persistent kidnapping of its tourists and citizens by militant groups based in the southern Philippines. There are many transient workers from the Philippines in Malaysia, subject to periodic expulsions by Malaysia due to overstaying and involved in crimes.
Marine conservation and security collaboration Malaysia and the Philippines have participated in joint conservation measures in the Sulu Sea, which lies between the two countries. Both countries, together with Indonesia are working together to secure Sulu Sea against piracy and extremist militant groups based in the southern Philippines such as the Abu Sayyaf.
Aid from Malaysia During the 2013 Bohol earthquake, the Malaysian Government has donated a total of MYR100,000($31,000) for children affected by the disaster. While after the Typhoon Haiyan hit Philippines, the Malaysian Defence Minister Hishammuddin Hussein has quickly contacted the Philippine Defense Secretary Voltaire Gazmin to determine the aid required. Malaysian Filipinos communities also help to collect relief items to be sent to the country. By 13 November, the Malaysian Government has donated a total of $1 million along with the sending of essential items such as food and medicines worth $310 thousand using the RMAF Charlie C-130 aircraft. One of Malaysian major commercial bank Maybank also contributed to donate $330,000 to the Philippine Red Cross along with the arriving of the Malaysian disaster relief team. While on 22 November, the Malaysian Red Crescent has raised a total of $55,000 donations from the Malaysian citizens and deploy a Rapid Deployment Squad to the Philippines. In 2014, the Malaysian state of Sarawak also had delivered P1.32M to help the Yolanda (Haiyan) typhoon survivors to continue their lives.
Malaysia also become the main facilitator for the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro to create peace and establish the Bangsamoro area in Southern Philippines, but the peace process was put on hold in 2015 after the killing of 44 Special Action Force Filipino soldiers by Islamic insurgents.
Following the Battle of Marawi, the Malaysian Armed Forces mulling to send humanitarian relief for the civilians in the city. Through the country RMAF A400M, food and medical supplies are being sent for the city internally-displaced residents, with more humanitarian aid are being promised as the situation worsened.
Disputes and diplomatic incidents Sabah dispute
The Philippines objected to the inclusion of North Borneo in a proposed federation with Malaya, claiming it had sovereignty over parts of North Borneo due to inheriting the claims of the Sulu Sultanate. Under the July 1963 Manila Accord, Malaya committed to ensuring that the federation had support within North Borneo. A United Nations factfinding mission concluded that federation did have local support, and the federation of Malaysia was created on 16 September 1963. The next day, the Philippines objected at the United Nations to a delegate from "Malaysia" sitting in the seat of "Malaya". The Philippines broke off ties, and did not recognise Malaysia.
Between September 1963 and May 1964, diplomatic relations between the two countries were suspended. Relations were suspended again, due to the same issue, between 1968 and 1969.