Loening Model 23

The Loening S-1 Flying Yacht, also called the Loening Model 23, was an early light monoplane flying boat designed in the United States by Grover Loening in the early 1920s.Taylor 1989, 609 The aircraft won the 1921 Collier Trophy.

Design and development The S-1 Flying Yacht was a high-wing, strut-braced monoplane with the engine mounted pusher-fashion in a nacelle atop the wing. The cabin was semi-enclosed, featuring side windows but no roof, and was located immediately ahead of the wing.

Twin tails were fitted, carrying a common stabiliser in a high position. The construction was unusual, in that rather than the flying boat hull being integral with the fuselage, the Model 23's hull was a large, separate pontoon mounted directly underneath a fuselage that was a separate structure."The Loening Model 23 Flying Boat" This was intended to combine the safety of a floatplane design with the low parasitic drag of a conventional flying boat Grover Loening was awarded the 1921 Aero Club of America Trophy for the design.Collier 1920-1929 winners

The fuel tank was located under the rear passenger seat."The Loening Claim for the Collier Trophy." Aviation, January 30, 1922. The prototype was tested with a new roll-control mechanism to replace ailerons using a small leading edge that extended and retracted outboard of the wing tips."Loening tests new type of flight control for airplanes." Automotive Industries, December 14, 1922.

Operational history The S-1 was the second seaplane in monoplane configuration ever to go into production.Johnson 2009 It was one of the fastest seaplanes in production in 1921.Aviation, February 20, 1922, p. 234. The S-1 set a world seaplane record of in 1921 winning the Collier trophy for the year."The Founding Father." Flying Magazine, August 1976, p. 76. An S-1 set a world record for altitude with four passengers flying to a height of over Long Island, New York in August 1921.Aviation, January 2, 1922, p. 8.

Three of the Air Yachts were purchased by the New York-Newport Air Service,Taylor 1989, 610"Newport-New York Air Service Ready and nine by the United States Army Air Service which operated them under the designation S-1.

On a test-flight on 16 August 1921, an Air Yacht piloted by David McCulloch reached an altitude of 19,500 ft (5,900 m) carrying three passengers (Grover Loening, Leroy Grumman, and Ladislas d'Orcy) in what was believed to be a record at the time. On 7 November 1924, Victor E. Bertrandias set a world airspeed record for a seaplane over a 1000-km course, with a speed of 103 mph (164 km/h) in an Army S-1.FAI Record File

Variants S-1 Nine delivered to the United States Army Model 23 Three delivered to New York-Newport Air Service and flown until 1923.Stoff 2010, p. 26. Type 23 One custom Type 23 was ordered by Vincent Astor, and a second Curtiss powered variant was also ordered.Flight 3 April 1922, p. 392. Custom 300 hp Wright Aeronautical ordered a Wright powered variant for a corporate aircraft named "Wilbur Wright".Nicolaou 1998

Operators

New York-Newport Air Service United States Army Air Service (Nine with the military designation S-1)

Specifications (S-1)

Loening Model 23

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