Native American Heritage Sites (National Park Service)

Native American heritage sites are sites specifically created in many National Park Sites in the United States to commemorate the contribution of the Native American cultures. The term ‘Native American’ includes all cultural groups that predate the arrival of either western European or East coast explorers and settlers. In this sense, Native Alaskans of both arctic and sub-arctic cultures are included with the American Indians of the continental United States. Native Hawaiians are included as the traditional cultures of the islands.

Many sites were created specifically to preserve the remains of cultures that no longer exist, such as Mesa Verde National Park or Russell Cave National Monument. Some tell the story of a vibrant culture that continues to contribute to the American culture, as with Canyon de Chelly National Monument. Yet others commemorate American Indian cultures that contributed to the development of an area, as Cape Cod National Seashore, or were a part of greater events in American history, such as Pea Ridge National Military Park. The largest number preserve the historical contributions of the Native Cultures throughout time; included in these are Devils Tower National Monument, Pipestone National Monument, and Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park.

Parks Park State Tribal Affiliation(s)Hirschfelder, Arlene, & Martha Kreipe de Montaña; The Native America Almanac: A portrait of Native America Today; Prentice Hall, 1993Savage, Beth L. (Ed.); African American Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places; National Park Service, Preservation Press, 1994 Agate Fossil Beds National Monument NE Lakota Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument TX Pueblo Arkansas Post National Memorial AR Quapaw, Osage, Caddo Aztec Ruins National Monument NM Ancestral Pueblo Badlands National Park SD Lakota Bandelier National Monument NM Ancestral Pueblo Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site CO Southern Cheyenne, Southern Arapaho, Kiowa, Comanche Big Bend National Park TX Jumano, Comanche, Kiowa, Apache Big Hole National Battlefield MT Nez Perce Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area MT & WY Crow Big Thicket National Preserve TX Alabama-Coushatta, Caddo, Atakapa Buffalo National River AR Paleo-Indians, Archaic, Woodland/Mississippian Cabrillo National Monument CA Kumeyaay Canaveral National Seashore FL Timucuan Canyon de Chelly National Monument AZ Ancestral Pueblo, Navajo Cape Cod National Seashore MA Wampanoag Capitol Reef National Park UT Ancestral Pueblo, Fremont culture Casa Grande Ruins National Monument AZ Hohokam Castillo de San Marcos National Monument FL Seminole Chaco Culture National Historical Park NM Ancestral Pueblo, Pueblo, Navajo Chiricahua National Monument AZ Apache Colonial National Historical Park (Jamestown), VA 17th-century Powhatans Coronado National Memorial AZ Zuni Cuyahoga Valley National Park OH Paleo, Archaic, Adena, Hopewell, Whittlessey Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, PA/NJ Munsee De Soto National Memorial, FL Timucuan Devils Tower National Monument, WY Northern Plains cultures including: Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, Kiowa, Crow, Arapaho, Shoshone, among others Effigy Mounds National Monument IA Red Ocher, Hopewell, Effigy Mounds Builders El Malpais National Monument NM Acoma, Laguna, and Zuni Pueblos; Ramah Navajos El Morro National Monument NM Ancestral Pueblo, Navajo, Zuni Everglades National Park FL Seminole Fort Bowie National Historic Site AZ Apache Fort Caroline National Memorial FL Timucuan Fort Clatsop National Memorial OR Clatsop, Chinook Fort Raleigh National Historic Site NC Algonquian Fort Smith National Historic Site AR Cherokee, Muscogee Creek, Seminole, Choctaw, Chickasaw Fort Stanwix National Monument NY Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora Fort Sumter National Monument SC Seminole at Fort Moultrie Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve AK Nunamiut, Kobuk Eskimo, Koyukon Athabascan Gateway National Recreation Area NY Lenape, including Canarsie, Nyak Glacier National Park MT Blackfeet, Salish-Kootenai, Flathead Glen Canyon National Recreation Area AZ Ancestral Pueblo Golden Gate National Recreation Area CA Ohlone (Presidio of San Francisco)Coast Miwok (Marin Headlands) Grand Canyon National Park AZ Ancestral Pueblo/Hopi, Navajo, Zuni, Southern Paiutes, Havasupai, Hualapai Grand Portage National Monument MN Ojibwa Grand Teton National Park WY Plains Indians, Shoshone, Blackfeet Great Sand Dunes National Monument CO Ute Great Smoky Mountains National Park TN Cherokee Guadalupe Mountains National Park TX Mescalero Apache Haleakala National Park HI Ancient Hawaii Hawaii Volcanoes National Park HI Ancient Hawaii Homestead National Monument of America NE Great Plains nations, among others Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park HI Ancient Hawaii Hopewell Culture National Historical Park OH Ohio Hopewell Horseshoe Bend National Military Park AL Muscogee Creek, Cherokee Hovenweep National Monument CO Ancestral Pueblo Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site AZ Navajo Isle Royale National Park MI Ojibwa Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve LA Choctaw, Chitimacha, Tunica, Houma, Koasati/Coushatta Gateway Arch National Park MO Plains Indian people including Lakota, Osage, and Illini Katmai National Park and Preserve AK Yupik/Aleuts Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site ND Hidatsa, Mandan, Arikara Lake Mead National Recreation Area NV Virgin River Ancestral Pueblo; Mohave, Hualapai, Southern Paiute Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area WA Colville Confederated Tribes, Spokane, Nez Perce Lava Beds National Monument CA Modoc Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument MT Lakota, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Crow, Arikara Mammoth Cave National Park KY Early Woodland prehistoric culture Mesa Verde National Park CO Ancestral Pueblo and 23 affiliated Native American groups Mojave National Preserve CA Paiute, Chemehuevi, Mohave Montezuma Castle National Monument AZ Sinagua Natchez Trace Parkway MS/AL/TN Natchez, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muscogee Creek, Cherokee National Capital Parks East, Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens, DC Algonquian Natural Bridges National Monument UT Ancestral Pueblo Navajo National Monument AZ Ancestral Pueblo, Navajo Nez Perce National Historical Park ID Nez Perce North Cascades National Park WA Coast Salish/Upper Skagit, Chelan Ocmulgee National Monument GA Mississippian, Lamar phase, Muscogee Creek Olympic National Park WA Elwha Klallam, Hoh, Jamestown S'Klallam, Makah, Port Gamble S'Klallam, Quileute, Quinault, Skokomish Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument AZ Hohokam, O'odham Pea Ridge National Military Park AR Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw Pecos National Historical Park NM Pueblo people Petroglyph National Monument NM Rio Grande Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni Pipe Spring National Monument AZ Ancestral Pueblo, Southern Paiute, and Navajo Pipestone National Monument MN Siouan groups Point Reyes National Seashore CA Miwok Puukohola Heiau National Historic Site HI Ancient Hawaii Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park HI Ancient Hawaii Rainbow Bridge National Monument AZ Navajo Nation, Hopi, Kaibab Paiute, San Juan Southern Paiute, Ute Mountain Ute Redwood National Park CA Tolowa, Yurok, Chilula Roger Williams National Memorial RI Narragansett, Wampanoag Russell Cave National Monument AL Transitional Paleo to Mississippian cultural Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument NM Pueblo San Antonio Missions National Historical Park TX Coahuiltecan/South Texans San Juan National Historic Site PR Taino Santa Fe National Historic Trail NM Historic Plains and Pueblo cultures Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area CA Chumash, Tongva Shiloh National Military Park TN at Shiloh Indian Mounds Sitka National Historical Park AK Tlingit Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument AZ Ancestral Pueblo, Navajo Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve FL Timucuan Tonto National Monument AZ Salado Trail of Tears National Historic Trail NM Cherokee, Muscogee Creek, Seminole, Choctaw, Chickasaw Tumacacori National Historical Park AZ Pima Tuzigoot National Monument AZ Sinagua Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River NY Lenape Voyageurs National Park MN Ojibwa Walnut Canyon National Monument AZ Sinagua, Ancestral Pueblo, Hopi Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National Recreation Area CA Wintu at Whiskeytown Whitman Mission National Historic Site WA Cayuse Women's Rights National Historical Park NY Iroquois Confederacy, Seneca, Cayuga Wupatki National Monument AZ Ancestral Pueblo, Navajo Yellowstone National Park WY Nez Perce, Shoshone-Bannock, Sheepeaters, Crow, Blackfeet Yosemite National Park CA Southern and Central Sierra Miwok, Mono Lake Paiute

NPS units proposed but not confirmed as interpreting Native American culture(s) as a primary theme:Source: Steve Perrin at NP-ACAD, updated 10/28/97

Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, WI (Ojibwa) Arches National Park, UT (Paiute) Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, AK (Inupiaq and the St. Lawrence Island Yupik People) Canyonlands National Park, UT (Ute) Cape Krusenstern National Monument, AK (Inupiaq and the St. Lawrence Island Yupik People) Fort Laramie National Historic Site, WY (Cheyenne, Kiowa, Sioux) Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, NM Kobuk Valley National Park, AK (Inupiaq and the St. Lawrence Island Yupik People) Poverty Point National Monument, LA (Mississippian culture)

See also Federally recognized tribes (Federally) unrecognized tribes Native Americans in the United States List of Alaska Native tribal entities List of Indian reservations in the United States List of historical Indian reservations in the United States Outline of United States federal Indian law and policy State recognized tribes in the United States

References