The Communist Party of Nepal is a name used by a number of Nepalese political parties claiming allegiance to communism. Most trace their roots back to the original Communist Party of Nepal formed in 1949.
Active parties
National parties Election SymbolPolitical partyLeaderFoundedFederal ParliamentProvincial AssembliesLocal governmentNotesPratinidhi SabhaRastriya Sabha Nepali Communist PartyPushpa Kamal Dahal2025Formed through merger of 10 different communist parties Communist Party of Nepal (UML)Khadga Prasad Oli1991 Formed through merger of CPN (Marxist) and CPN (Marxist–Leninist) Re-founded after split of Nepal Communist Party
Other parliamentary parties Election SymbolNameLeaderFoundedFederal ParliamentProvincial AssembliesLocal governmentNotesPratinidhi SabhaRastriya Sabha Rastriya JanamorchaChitra Bahadur K.C.2006 Split from Janamorcha Nepal Electoral front of CPN (Masal) Nepal Majdoor Kisan PartyNarayan Man Bijukchhe1975 Split from the CPN (Pushpa Lal) Originally founded as Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization
Minor parties NameLeaderNotesCPN (Maoist)Netra Bikram ChandSplit from the Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)CPN (United)Ghanashyam BhusalMerged with Chandra Dev Joshi partyScientific Socialist Communist Party, NepalBishwabhakta DulalSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)Chandra Prakash MainaliSplit from the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)Mohan BaidyaSplit from the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)Patriotic People's Republican Front, NepalChandra Prakash GajurelElectoral front of Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)Communist Party of NepalRishi KattelFormed through a merger of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), the Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi), the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), the Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Bidrohi ML and the Independent Thought GroupCommunist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist)Bishnu Raj AryalCommunist Party of Nepal (Marxist)Ambika Prasad BaidyaCommunist Party of Nepal (Masal)Mohan Bikram SinghSplit from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)Communist Party of Nepal NationalistMin Nath DevkotaMaoist Communist Party, NepalRam Narayan Prasad PalCommunist Party of Nepal Marxist (Pushpalal)Man Dhoj GurungCommunist Party of Nepal (Democratic)Sudeep Ruwali
Defunct parties +NameFoundation YearDissolution YearNotesCommunist League1946Communist Party of Nepal19491962Split into Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)1962 19921991 1994Split from Communist Party of Nepal Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)
Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party
Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)1962 19921991 2001Split from Communist Party of Nepal Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)
Renamed in 1983 as Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)
Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)
Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party
Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)19681987Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)Nepal Revolutionary Organisation (Marxist–Leninist)19731975Founded All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)19741990Split from Central Nucleus Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)Proletarian Revolutionary Organisation, Nepal19741978Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) Originally formed as Communist Unity Contact Forum Nepal
Renamed to Proletarian Revolutionary Organization, Nepal in 1976
Merged into Nepal Workers and Peasants OrganizationAll Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist–Leninist)19751978Founded from Nepal Revolutionary Organization (Marxist-Leninist) Founded Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)Mukti Morcha Samuha19761977Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)19781991Founded from All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic)19791991Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi) Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Manandhar)
Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) in 1991
Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)19791986Split from Central Nucleus Originally formed as Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Conference)
Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) in 1982
Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)Rebel Unity Centre19801981Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)Proletarian Communist League19801983Split from Ati Gopyatabadi Group Formed Proletarian Workers Organization with a splinter group of Nepal Workers and Peasants OrganizationCommunist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist)19812005Originally founded as Nepal Marxist-Leninist Party Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma)19811981Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants OrganisationNepal Front1981Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization (Hareram Sharma)Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (D.P. Singh)19811986Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)Communist Party of Nepal (Matri Samuha)19831984Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)19832001Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal)19841991Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)19861991Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) and Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)19912001Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)19912005Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (15 September 1949)
Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)Communist Party of Nepal (United)19912005Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Burma), Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)19912018Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) to form Nepal Communist PartyCommunist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)19942018Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)
Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Renamed in 2008 as Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Renamed in 2016 as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) to form Nepal Communist PartyCommunist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)19982002Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)19992009Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) Merged with Communist Party of NepalCommunist Party of Nepal (Malema)19992005Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre–Masal)20022009Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Centre)20052007Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)20052013Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (United) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of NepalCommunist Party of Nepal20062006Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)Communist Party of Nepal (Unified)20072013Formed through merger of splinter groups of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of NepalCommunist Party of Nepal (United)20072017Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)Revolutionary Left Wing2008Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)20092016Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Merged with Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Socialist)20102013Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of NepalCommunist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)20132017Nepal Communist Party20192021Formed through merger of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre)Barre Sangarsh SamuhaSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)Central NucleusCommunist Party of Nepal (Janamukhi)Independent Thought GroupMarxist Communist Party of NepalMarxist–Leninist Revolutionary Communist PartyNepal Communist LeagueSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)