King George III (4 June 173829 January 1820) ruled Great Britain and the United Kingdom from 1760 to 1820. He and his queen consort, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (19 May 174417 November 1818), became the ancestors of fifteen children and nine legitimate grandchildren.

Shortly after becoming King of Great Britain in 1761, George married Charlotte. He became deeply devoted to Charlotte, purchasing Queen's House (later Buckingham Palace) for her. Charlotte loved Queen's House, giving birth to 14 of her children there. Later, George would become disappointed in his sons.

Five of George and Charlotte's children would go on to have legitimate progeny of their own. Three of their sons, George IV, William IV, and Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, became monarchs themselves. Moreover, two of their legitimate grandchildren, Victoria and George V, would become sovereigns of the United Kingdom and Hanover, respectively.

Background King George III The eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, George was the first British House of Hanover monarch to speak English as his first language. In 1751, he became the heir to the British throne upon the death of his father, later succeeding his grandfather George II in 1760.

The first 25 years of George's reign were politically controversial for multiple reasons. First, the American Revolutionary War threatened his throne in Hanover. In addition, George was accused of unconstitutionally reasserting royal authority, despite being careful not to exceed his prerogative. His lack of political subtlety made it difficult for him to work with Parliament.

During his reign, George also founded the Royal Academy of Arts and took a keen interest in agriculture.

In the 1780s, the political aftermath of the American Revolutionary War and family anxieties began to impact George's mental health. In 1810, his mental health condition became permanent, impeding his ability to rule. For the last decade of George III's reign, his son George, Prince of Wales (later George IV), acted on his behalf as prince regent. Eventually, George, Prince of Wales, succeeded his father in 1820.

Queen Charlotte The youngest daughter of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg and Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Charlotte was raised in Mirow, Holy Roman Empire. In July 1761, George III announced his intent to marry Charlotte. The two were later married at St James's Palace on 8 September 1761, and on 22 September 1761, George and Charlotte participated in their coronation.

As queen consort, Charlotte was an enthusiast of music, preferring German composers such as George Frideric Handel. In addition, Charlotte was interested in botany, specifically taking a great interest in Kew Gardens.

In 1818, Charlotte died in the presence of her eldest son, George, Prince Regent (later George IV).

Marriage George and Charlotte were married in 1761. + Family of George III, King of the United KingdomPortraitNameBirthDeathDescendants George III, King of the United Kingdom 4 June 173829 January 182015 children, including: George IV, King of the United Kingdom William IV, King of the United Kingdom Charlotte, Queen of Württemberg Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz19 May 174417 November 1818

Children Throughout their marriage, George III and Charlotte had 15 children, 13 of whom reached adulthood. George was a devoted husband to Charlotte, buying her the Queen's House (later Buckingham Palace).

Charlotte enjoyed her time at the Queen's House, giving birth to 14 of her children there. In addition, she purchased Frogmore Cottage as a retreat for both herself and her daughters. Charlotte was also concerned about the welfare and education of her daughters.

George was a fond father, especially of his daughters. However, he became disappointed in his sons. Because of the unsuitable marriages George's brothers made, he passed the Royal Marriages Act 1772. In addition, George rejected many marriage offers involving his daughters.

+ Children of George III, King of the United Kingdom Name Birth Death Family George IV, King of the United Kingdom Married 1795, Caroline of Brunswick (1768–1821) 1 child Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany Married 1791, Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia (1767–1820) William IV, King of the United Kingdom Married 1818, Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (1792–1849) 2 children Charlotte, Princess Royal Married 1797, Frederick I, King of Württemberg (1754–1816) Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn Married 1818, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1786–1861) 1 child (Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom) Princess Augusta Sophia of the United Kingdom Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom Married 1818, Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (1769–1829) Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover Married 1815, Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1778–1841) 1 child (George V, King of Hanover) Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex Married 1793, Lady Augusta Murray (1761–1830)Married 1831, Lady Cecilia Underwood ( – 1873) Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge Married 1818, Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (1797–1889) 3 children Princess Mary of the United Kingdom Married 1816, Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1776–1834) Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom Prince Octavius of Great Britain Prince Alfred of Great Britain Princess Amelia of the United Kingdom

Grandchildren Children of George IV and Caroline In 1795, George, Prince of Wales, and Caroline of Brunswick married. Nine months after their wedding, Caroline gave birth to their only daughter, Princess Charlotte of Wales. Shortly after Charlotte's birth, George and Caroline separated. In addition, George acquired custody of their daughter.

+ Children of George IV, King of the United Kingdom Portrait Name Birth Death Family Princess Charlotte of Wales Married 1816, Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (later Leopold I, King of the Belgians)

Children of William IV and Adelaide With the death of Princess Charlotte of Wales in 1817, William came under a certain urgency to produce a legitimate heir to the British throne. In addition, William was aware that his income would increase with marriage. Consequently, he married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen in 1818. Although Adelaide and William had two daughters, both died in infancy.

+ Children of William IV, King of the United Kingdom Name Birth Death Princess Charlotte of Clarence Princess Elizabeth of Clarence

Children of Edward and Victoria

In 1819, Queen Victoria, the only daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, was born. Only eight months later, her father died, leaving her mother, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, to raise her. The future Queen Victoria was raised in isolation at Kensington Palace, also being kept firmly away from her "wicked uncles" by her mother. This isolation ended only with her accession to the throne in 1837.

+ Children of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn Portrait Name Birth Death Family Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom Married 1840, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1819–1861) and had 9 children: Victoria, German Empress (1840–1901) Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom (1841–1910; ) Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse (1843–1878) Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1844–1900; ) Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (1846–1923) Princess Louise of the United Kingdom (1848–1939) Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1850–1942) Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (1853–1884) Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (1857–1944)

Children of Ernest Augustus and Frederica

+ Children of Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover Portrait Name Birth Death Family George V, King of Hanover Married 1843, Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (1818–1907) and had 3 children: Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (1845–1923) Princess Frederica of Hanover (1848–1926) Princess Marie of Hanover (1849–1904)

Children of Adolphus and Augusta Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge and Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel had three children: George, Augusta, and Mary Adelaide. They lived at Leineschloss in Hanover, having frequent dances for the entertainment of their children. Occasionally, Adolphus and Augusta's family travelled to the United Kingdom. Eventually, after Adolphus's brother Ernest Augustus became King of Hanover, Adolphus and Augusta permanently relocated to the United Kingdom. The two settled down at Cambridge Cottage and Cambridge House with their family.

+ Children of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge Portrait Name Birth Death Family Prince George, Duke of Cambridge Married 1847, Sarah Fairbrother (1813–1890) Princess Augusta of Cambridge Married 1843, Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1819–1904; ) and had 2 children: A son (1845–1845) Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1848–1914; ) Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge Married 1866, Francis, Duke of Teck (1837–1900) and had 4 children: Mary, Queen of the United Kingdom (1867–1953) Prince Adolphus, Duke of Teck (1868–1927) Prince Francis of Teck (1870–1910) Prince Alexander of Teck (1874–1957)

See also Descendants of Charles I of England Descendants of Queen Victoria Descendants of George V Descendants of Elizabeth II Hymen's war terrific – Term referring to multiple of George III's sons marrying in quick succession to sire a British heir

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