Cuối language

Cuối, also known as Thổ, is a dialect cluster spoken by around 70,000 people in Vietnam. It is also spoken by a couple thousand people in Laos—mainly in the provinces of Bolikhamsai and Khammouane.

Phonology

Làng Lỡ dialect Consonants The consonant inventory of the Làng Lỡ dialect, as cited by Michel Ferlus: {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Initial consonants of Cuối Làng Lỡ |- ! colspan=2| ! Bilabial ! Labiodental ! Alveolar ! Retroflex ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal |- ! colspan=2| Nasal

! rowspan=3| Plosive ! tenuis

! glottalized

! aspirated

! rowspan=3| Fricative ! voiceless

! voiced

! glottalized

! colspan=2| Approximant

| ~

is found in Vietnamese loanwords with initial (orthographic ) originate in the borrowing of segments from a variety of Vietnamese that existed several centuries ago.

Vowels {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Monophthongs of Cuối Làng Lỡ |- ! ! Front ! Central ! Back |- ! Close

! Close-mid/Mid

! Open-mid/Open

+ Diphthongs of Cuối Làng Lỡ

Tones There are eight tones in the Làng Lỡ. Tones 1 to 6 are found on sonorant-final syllables (a.k.a. 'live' syllables): syllables ending in a vowel, semi-vowel or nasal. Tones 7 and 8 are found on obstruent-final syllables (a.k.a. 'stopped' syllables), ending in -p -t -c -k. This is a system comparable to that of Vietnamese.

Vocabulary The data is from Cuoi Cham vocabulary recordings and the Mon-Khmer Etymological Dictionary. English Cuối Chăm Làng Lỡ Hanoian Vietnamese cloud rain wind thunder earth, land cave deep water river puddle - mud rock, stone bark dog cultivated field to go to have

References

Cuối language

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