The Barat Daya Islands (; ) are a group of islands in the Maluku province of Indonesia, with an estimated 100,000 inhabitants in 2026. The Indonesian phrase barat daya means 'south-west'.
Geography These islands are located off the eastern end of East Timor. Wetar is the largest island in the group. To the west, the Ombai Strait separates Wetar from Alor Island, part of East Nusa Tenggara. The Wetar Strait separates Wetar from Timor to the south.
Even though included in the Indonesian Maluku province political division, the southwestern islands are geographically part of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Rainfall is limited with a dry season between October and December when some of the islands appear as dry savannah. The Barat Daya Islands except Wetar are part of the Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests ecoregion. Wetar and Timor comprise the Timor and Wetar deciduous forests ecoregion.Stuart L. Pimm et al. Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A Conservation Assessment (World Wildlife Fund Ecoregion Assessments), Island Press, 2001, Most of the islands are barren, infertile and minimally forested.
Together with Timor, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and most of Maluku, the Barat Daya Islands are part of Wallacea, the group of Indonesian islands that are separated by deep water from both the Australian and Asian continental shelves. The islands of Wallacea have never been linked by land to either Asia or Australia, and as a result have few mammals and a mix of flora and fauna from both continents.
Islands Among the islands within the archipelago are (from west to east): Liran Wetar Kisar Nyata Romang Leti Islands (Leti, Moa, Lakor) Sermata Islands Damer Babar Islands
Populated places
Layoni (Teun Island)
Geology The islands are part of the Inner Banda Arc, a volcanic island arc created by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Romang and Damar are volcanic; Wetar consists mostly of oceanic crust that was pushed to the surface by the colliding plates. The Barat Daya and Banda islands constitute an inner arc; the outer arc, which includes Timor, the Tanimbar Islands, and the Kai Islands, is mostly made up of oceanic crust lifted up by the collision, and wraps around south and east of the inner arc.
History Unlike much of the rest of the Maluku Islands, the Barat Daya Islands did not participate in the inter-island trade over the centuries. Damar was the region's only island to have produced spice. Too remote from the centre of the Malukan spice trade, the Dutch destroyed the nutmeg trees on Babar. Bugis and Makarassarese annually sailed to coral-rich Luang to purchase reef products such as trepang and mother of pearl.
Administration The Maluku Barat Daya Regency is administratively composed of seventeen districts (kecamatan), whose areas (in km2) and 2013 officially estimated populations are listed below.:Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2015. The districts are formally grouped into three archipelagoes – the Terselatan Group (including Wetar, as well as Kisar and Romang Islands), the Lemola Group (Letti, Moa and Lakor) and the Babar Group (including the Damer and Sermata Islands). The areas (in km2)Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8108) and the populations at the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 2020 census,Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. together with the official estimates as at mid 2025, are listed below. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 117 rural desa and 1 urban kelurahan – the latter being Tiakur on Moa Island), and its post code.
KodeWilayah Name ofdistrict(kecamatan) comprising Area in km2 Pop'ncensus2010 Pop'ncensus2020 Pop'nestimatemid 2025AdmincentreNo. ofVillagesPostCode 81.08.06 Wetar Selatan southern part of Wetar Island 1,157.60Ilwaki697446 81.08.14 Wetar Barat western part of Wetar Island, plus Lirang Island, and other islands west of Wetar 345.70(a) Ustutun597447 81.08.13 Wetar Utara northern part of Wetar Island, plus Reong Island 677.60(a)Lurang697449 81.08.15 Wetar Timur eastern part of Wetar Island470.90(a)Arwala697448 81.08.07 Kisar Selatan southern part of Kisar Island65.40Wonreli697445 81.08.17 Kisar Utara northern part of Kisar Island 18.59(b)Putihair Timur397441 81.08.16 Kepulauan Roma Romang Islands 194.30(b)Rumkuda397440 Totals for Terselatan Group 2,930.09 35 81.08.08 Letti Leti Island 90.10Serwaru797444 81.08.01 Moa Moa Island 361.60Weet897442 81.08.12 Lakor Lakor Island 112.60(c)Wewawan597443 Totals for Lemola Group 564.30 20 81.08.02 Damer Damer Island, plus uninhabited Nus Leur, Terbang Utara and Terbang Selatan 201.80 Wulur797652(d) 81.08.03 Kepulauan Luang Sermata Sermata Islands 125.50Lelang1197652 81.08.04 Babar Barat Babar Island (western half), Dai 359.70Tepa997451 81.08.05 Babar Timur Babar Island (eastern half) 281.30Letwurung1197654 81.08.09 Pulau Masela Masela Island 46.71(e)Latalola Besar1197653 81.08.10 Dawelor Dawera Dawelor Island and Dawera Island 27.06(e)Watuwey697651 81.08.11 Pulau Wetang Wetang Island 44.60(f)Rumah Lewang Besar897652 Totals for Babar Group 1,086.679 63
Notes: (a) the 2010 populations for the four districts which comprised Pulau Pulau Wetar District are listed under Wetar Selatan District. (b) the 2010 populations of Kisar Utara and Kepulauan Roma Districts are included under the figure for Kisar Selatan District (formerly called Pulau Pulau Terselatan District), from which they were split off. (c) the 2010 population of Lakor District is included in the figure for Moa District, from which it was split off. (d) except for Batumerah desa in the west of the island, which has a postcode of 97128. (e) the 2010 populations of Pulau Masela and Daweloor Dawera Districts are included under the figure for Babar Timur District, from which they were split off. (f) the 2010 population of Pulau Wetang District is included in the figure for Babar Barat District (formerly called Pulau Pulau Babar District), from which it was split off.
See also
List of islands of Indonesia Maluku Islands Maluku (province)
References