Kigamboni District, officially known as The Kigamboni Municipal Council (Halimashauri ya Manispaa ya Kigamboni, in Swahili) is one of five districts of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The district is bordered to the north by Ilala District, to the east by the Indian Ocean, the west by Temeke District, and to the south by the Mkuranga District of Pwani Region. It covers an area of , making it the largest district the region by area. The district is comparable in size to the land area of Micronesia. for Micronesia at The administrative seat is Somangila. The district is home to the headquarters of the Tanzanian Navy, The Kigamboni Naval Base. Also the district is home to the prestigious Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy. In addition the district is one of two districts in Dar es Salaam that has a National Historic Site, with Kigamboni hosting the most, namely the Kimbiji Ruins, Mbutu Bandarini and Mbuamaji historic sites. The 2012 National Tanzania Census states the population for Kigamboni as 162,932.
Administration Kigamboni Municipal Council is divided into three sections on an administrative level. Additionally, these divisions are subdivided into 67 subwards (referred to as "Mitaa") by 9 wards. There are 15 councilors in the municipal council, and two of them are lawmakers.
Tungi Vijibweni Kimbiji Kisarawe II Kigamboni, Kigamboni District Mjimwema Kibada Somangila Pembamnazi
History The Zaramo initially colonised the area that is now Kigamboni. Later, they were influenced and some of them settled in Swahili communities in settlements like Mbuamaji, Kimbiji, Old Mjimwema, and Mbutu Bandarini all located in the district. In 2015 the Temeke Municipal Council was divided into Temeke Municipal Council and Kigamboni Municipal Council in order to create Kigamboni Municipal Council. The council was established in 2015 and instructed to begin operations in April 2016 by the Government Notes (GN) Number 512 of 6 November 2015. The establishment was carried out in accordance with Sections 8 and 9 of the 1982 Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act No. 8.
Geography Kigamboni Municipal Council covers an area of 577.86 km2, or 57,786.8 hectares, and has a 65 km long coastline. It is one of Dar es Salaam City's biggest municipal councils. With a height of 20 to 50 meters above sea level and a large portion of flat land, Kigamboni Municipal Council is made up of swampy areas in the center and close by shorelines. When compared to other wards, Pembamnazi Ward has the largest land area with 209 km squared, while Kigamboni Ward has the smallest at 4 km squared.
Geology Geological formations from the Neogene, Quaternary, and Recent deposits cover Kigamboni. The Neogene deposits are composed of pure sand, clay, and limestone in some areas and sandy clay and clayey sand in others. Most of the soil is sandy clay interspersed with worn limestone. However, the geology beneath appears to be characterized by calcareous sand and sandy clay intercalated with limestone, according to drill data currently available.
Climate Kigamboni's climate is tropical, with high temperatures, light breezes, high humidity, and no distinct cold season. Kigamboni District experiences temperatures that range from 18 °C in July to 32 °C in February. With a mean daily range of only 4 °C, the average yearly temperature is 26 °C. The mean seasonal range is only about 4 °C, with only minor seasonal variations.
The average daily maximum humidity in Kigamboni is 96 percent at dawn, while the average daily low humidity is 67 percent in the afternoons. Between March and May, there is substantial rainfall in the municipality, while there is moderate rainfall from November through December. However, rainfall patterns are incredibly erratic and varied. The temperature fluctuates between 18 °C and 32 °C, and there is over 1000 mm of annual rainfall. Prior to the start of the rainy season, in September/October and January/February, respectively, the temperatures reach their highest points. The majority of the year, the winds are from the east to the west, and the rains typically stop in early June.
The region's wind patterns are characteristic of the Western Indian Ocean's wind regime, which is defined by north-easterly winds (NE monsoons) from November to March and south-easterly winds (SE monsoons) from June to October. The region's wind speeds, which range from 1.4 to 7.8 m/s, are very low. The SSE and SE monsoons are often very powerful, reaching their heights in April and July. Peak speed for the lighter northern monsoons is in February. An almost complete clockwise current system that adapts its characteristics to the shifting wind is combined with this wind system.
Wind speeds in Kigamboni during the northeast monsoons range from 1.4 to 7.8 m/s. The wind picks up during the southeast monsoons, reaching a peak of about 8 m/s. Both seasons have a strong southerly breeze, which is a common wind direction in the East African region.
Topography and vegetation Kigamboni's landscape is undulating, like that of many other areas of the Dar es Salaam Region. The plains, which are flat to slightly sloping, were built on an old alluvial terrace. In wards near the coast, the terrain rises from sea level to a maximum of 120m above mean sea level in a few locations in the Kisarawe II and Kibada wards. In places like Kimbiji Ward, the majority of Kigamboni is between 20 and 50 meters above sea level. The low lying sections in the wards of Vijibweni, Kigamboni, Tungi, Mjimwema, Somangira, and Pembamnazi range in height from 1 to 25 meters.
The land is located in the Municipality's Migombani sections near flood plains. Gardening and other urban agricultural pursuits are feasible on the land. But the region is distinguished by haphazard settlements that are vulnerable to flash flooding. Kisarawe II, Amani Gomvu, Kimbiji, and Chekeni Mwasonga's southern lowlands. Sandy soil covers the majority of the area. Mangrove trees, Miombo woodland, coastal marshes, and coastal shrubs make up the majority of the area's natural vegetation.
Rivers, islands and Lakes Water bodies in Kigamboni Municipal include the ocean, streams, rivers, wetlands, and swamps. The eastern (Kigamboni, Tungi and Vijibweni Wards), western (Somangila, Kimbiji and Pembamnazi Ward), and northern (Mjimwema, Kigamboni and Tungi Ward) portions of Kigamboni Municipal are all flanked by the Indian Ocean. The names of the three large wetlands are Ubaka (Tungi), Boko or Chaboko (Vijibweni), and Mjimwema and Kimambani (Mjimwema), and they are located in the wards of Tungi, Vijibweni, and Mjimwema. There are two significant wetlands in Kigamboni Municipality; the first is in Somangila, while the second connects Kimbiji and Pembemnazi. Rivers in Kigamboni District are Mwera River, Mbalajangi River, Mumani River, Potea River Kidete River, Nguva River, Pumbweni River, Ukoni River, Mbaranyange River, Mkomosi River, Msinga River and Shungu River. Islands in Kigamboni are Latham Island, Kimbubu Island, Kendwa Island, Sinda Island and Makatumbi Islands. The latter three are protected under the Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve (DMRS).
It has five major rivers located in the district: the Mwera River, Ukooni River, Mbalajangi River, Mumani River, and Potea River, which are located in the Kisarawe II and Mjimwema wards, Kisarawe II, and Somangila wards, respectively. There are 84 artificial ponds for fish spread over many wards in the district.
Economy Farming is the second-largest economic activity after commerce and trade, and it makes a substantial economic contribution to the Kigamboni Municipal Council. Small-scale farmers run the industry, and the majority of them engage in subsistence farming to ensure their existence by relying mostly on rain-fed agriculture. The yield per hectare is hence quite poor. The council prioritizes food crops such as cassava, maize, pads, legumes, and various kinds of fruits including mangoes and watermelons, according to agronomical considerations.
Infrastructure Roads and water (ferries) are the two primary modes of transportation used by the Kigamboni Municipality to connect it to neighboring Dar es Salaam Municipalities. In contrast to the ferry that connects Kigamboni with Kinondoni Municipal, roads connect Kigamboni with Temeke Municipal. The road network is the primary means of transportation in Kigamboni Municipality. According to a government survey report, 76% of residents use roads, including the Nyerere Bridge, while 18% use both roads and ferries and the remaining (6) use water (ferries) solely.
Roads The entire length of the road network in the Dar es Salaam Region is 3,861.88 kilometers, of which 700.7 kilometers are tarmac roads. The growth of the road network in terms of road classification is covered in this section. It provides comprehensive data on the length of the road network in the ward or district, its passability, and its length per kind of road surface.
Since it accounts for nearly all traffic flows in Kigamboni, road travel is the preferred method of getting to the Municipality. Only 45.8 km of the 292.7 km of existing roads are paved, while 246.9 km are unpaved. All of the council's roads, bridges, and culverts are important resources, but since the majority of the roads need extensive repairs, huge sums of money are required.
Water and sanitation In Kigamboni Municipality, the daily average water demand is 17.4 m3 million (80 liters per person). Government-owned water wells typically have a daily production capacity of 8.89 million m3, or 51.1%. Water sellers, water boozers, and privately owned wells supply the remaining population. The Municipal has 88 deep wells in total, of which 27 are used for public purposes and 61 are owned by public institutions (35 elementary schools, 9 secondary schools, and 17 dispensaries). Water infrastructure shortages, population growth (5.6 growth rate each year), and a subpar water distribution system within the district are the main causes of municipal water scarcity. The majority of Kigamboni people manage waste on-site using either pit latrines or WC systems, according to the data that is currently available. Only 1.4% of homes are connected to the central sewage system.
Mass communication Large corporations that have an impact on both the social and economic development of Kigamboni Municipality maintain and oversee the communication network inside the municipality. With more than 60 network towers, the main telecommunications providers in the Municipality include Airtel, Vodacom, Halotel, Tigo, and TTCL. In the Municipality, almost all newspapers and periodicals are distributed. ITV, TBC, Star TV, East Africa Television, DSTV, Azam TV, ZBC, Capital Television, and other international broadcasting companies like CNN, BBC, Sky News, and Aljazeera are just a few of the television stations that are conveniently available in Kigamboni Municipality. In Kigamboni Municipality, there are numerous radio stations available for the community's entertainment and education.
Energy In comparison to a peak demand of 18 to 20MW, Kigamboni Municipality's supply capacity to the National Grid is 17MW. A little over 56% of the studied homes have access to the TANESCO electrical network. The remaining 44% rely on solar energy and generators as backup energy sources. 32,735 consumers are currently active, including 42 significant clients and 32,687 lesser ones.
Income According to the socioeconomic survey conducted by Ardhi University in October 2018 for the Kigamboni Master Plan, 71% of the citizens in Kigamboni who were interviewed had monthly incomes between TZS 50,000 and 200,000, 28% between TZS 50,000 and 100,000, 21% between TZS 100,000 and 200,000, and 22% between TZS 200,000 and 400,000. Only 15% of the residents who were interviewed have incomes over 400,000 TZS, and 14% have incomes below 50,000 TZS.