Poltavka () is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Urban localities Poltavka, Poltavsky District, Omsk Oblast, a work settlement in Poltavsky District of Omsk Oblast
Rural localities Poltavka, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Chanovsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast Poltavka, Nizhneomsky District, Omsk Oblast, a village in Solovetsky Rural Okrug of Nizhneomsky District in Omsk Oblast Poltavka, Primorsky Krai, a selo in Oktyabrsky District of Primorsky Krai Poltavka, Ryazan Oblast, a village in Inyakinsky Rural Okrug of Shilovsky District in Ryazan Oblast Poltavka, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Samoylovsky District of Saratov Oblast Poltavka, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Dyachenkovskoye Rural Settlement of Bogucharsky District in Voronezh Oblast