IPA Extensions is a block (U+0250–U+02AF) of the Unicode standard that contains full size letters used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Both modern and historical characters are included, as well as former and proposed IPA signs and non-IPA phonetic letters. Additional characters employed for phonetics, like the palatalization sign, are encoded in the blocks Phonetic Extensions (1D00–1D7F) and Phonetic Extensions Supplement (1D80–1DBF). Diacritics are found in the Spacing Modifier Letters (02B0–02FF) and Combining Diacritical Marks (0300–036F) blocks. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was Standard Phonetic.
With the ability to use Unicode for the presentation of IPA symbols, ASCII-based systems such as X-SAMPA are being supplanted. Within the Unicode blocks there are also a few former IPA characters no longer in international use by linguists.
Character table
CodeGlyphHTMLUnicode nameIPA phonetic description / StatusIPA No. IPA lettersU+0250ɐLatin Small Letter Turned ANear-open central vowel324U+0251ɑLatin Small Letter AlphaOpen back unrounded vowel305U+0252ɒLatin Small Letter Turned AlphaOpen back rounded vowel313U+0253ɓLatin Small Letter B with HookVoiced bilabial implosive160U+0254ɔLatin Small Letter Open OOpen-mid back rounded vowel306U+0255ɕLatin Small Letter C with CurlVoiceless alveolo-palatal fricative182U+0256ɖLatin Small Letter D with TailVoiced retroflex plosive106U+0257ɗLatin Small Letter D with HookVoiced alveolar implosive162U+0258ɘLatin Small Letter Reversed EClose-mid central unrounded vowel397U+0259əLatin Small Letter SchwaMid central vowel322U+025AɚLatin Small Letter Schwa with HookRhotacized mid central vowel327U+025BɛLatin Small Letter Open EOpen-mid front unrounded vowel303U+025CɜLatin Small Letter Reversed Open EOpen-mid central unrounded vowel326U+025DɝLatin Small Letter Reversed Open E with HookRhotacized open-mid central unrounded vowelU+025EɞLatin Small Letter Closed Reversed Open EOpen-mid central rounded vowel395U+025FɟLatin Small Letter Dotless J with StrokeVoiced palatal plosive108U+0260ɠLatin Small Letter G with HookVoiced velar implosive166U+0261ɡLatin Small Letter Script GVoiced velar plosive110U+0262ɢLatin Letter Small Capital GVoiced uvular plosive112U+0263ɣLatin Small Letter GammaVoiced velar fricative141U+0264ɤLatin Small Letter Rams HornClose-mid back unrounded vowel315U+0265ɥLatin Small Letter Turned HLabial-palatal approximant171U+0266ɦLatin Small Letter H with HookVoiced glottal fricative147U+0267ɧLatin Small Letter Heng with HookSwedish sj-sound. Similar to: voiceless postalveolar fricative, voiceless velar fricative175U+0268ɨLatin Small Letter I with StrokeClose central unrounded vowel317U+0269ɩLatin Small Letter IotaPre-1989 form of "ɪ" (obsolete)399U+026AɪLatin Letter Small Capital INear-close near-front unrounded vowel319U+026BɫLatin Small Letter L with Middle TildeVelar/pharyngeal alveolar lateral approximant209U+026CɬLatin Small Letter L with BeltVoiceless alveolar lateral fricative148U+026DɭLatin Small Letter L with Retroflex HookRetroflex lateral approximant156U+026EɮLatin Small Letter LezhVoiced alveolar lateral fricative149U+026FɯLatin Small Letter Turned MClose back unrounded vowel316U+0270ɰLatin Small Letter Turned M with Long LegVelar approximant154U+0271ɱLatin Small Letter M with HookLabiodental nasal115U+0272ɲLatin Small Letter N with Left HookPalatal nasal118U+0273ɳLatin Small Letter N with Retroflex HookRetroflex nasal117U+0274ɴLatin Letter Small Capital NUvular nasal120U+0275ɵLatin Small Letter Barred OClose-mid central rounded vowel323U+0276ɶLatin Letter Small Capital OEOpen front rounded vowel312U+0277ɷLatin Small Letter Closed OmegaPre-1989 form of "ʊ" (obsolete)398U+0278ɸLatin Small Letter PhiVoiceless bilabial fricative126U+0279ɹLatin Small Letter Turned RAlveolar approximant151U+027AɺLatin Small Letter Turned R with Long LegAlveolar lateral flap181U+027BɻLatin Small Letter Turned R with HookRetroflex approximant152U+027CɼLatin Small Letter R with Long LegAlveolar trill206U+027DɽLatin Small Letter R with TailRetroflex flap125U+027EɾLatin Small Letter R with FishhookAlveolar tap124U+027FɿLatin Small Letter Reversed R with FishhookSyllabic voiced alveolar fricative (Sinologist usage)U+0280ʀLatin Letter Small Capital RUvular trill123U+0281ʁLatin Letter Small Capital Inverted RVoiced uvular fricative143U+0282ʂLatin Small Letter S with HookVoiceless retroflex fricative136U+0283ʃLatin Small Letter EshVoiceless postalveolar fricative134U+0284ʄLatin Small Letter Dotless J with Stroke and HookVoiced palatal implosive164U+0285ʅLatin Small Letter Squat Reversed EshSyllabic voiced retroflex fricative (Sinologist usage)U+0286ʆLatin Small Letter Esh with CurlVoiceless alveolo-palatal fricative (obsolete)204U+0287ʇLatin Small Letter Turned TDental click (obsolete)201U+0288ʈLatin Small Letter T with Retroflex HookVoiceless retroflex plosive105U+0289ʉLatin Small Letter U BarClose central rounded vowel318U+028AʊLatin Small Letter UpsilonNear-close near-back rounded vowel321U+028BʋLatin Small Letter V with HookLabiodental approximant150U+028CʌLatin Small Letter Turned VOpen-mid back unrounded vowel314U+028DʍLatin Small Letter Turned WVoiceless labiovelar approximant169U+028EʎLatin Small Letter Turned YPalatal lateral approximant157U+028FʏLatin Letter Small Capital YNear-close near-front rounded vowel320U+0290ʐLatin Small Letter Z with Retroflex HookVoiced retroflex fricative137U+0291ʑLatin Small Letter Z with CurlVoiced alveolo-palatal fricative183U+0292ʒLatin Small Letter EzhVoiced postalveolar fricative135U+0293ʓLatin Small Letter Ezh with CurlVoiced alveolo-palatal fricative (obsolete)205U+0294ʔLatin Letter Glottal StopGlottal stop113U+0295ʕLatin Letter Pharyngeal Voiced FricativeVoiced pharyngeal fricative145U+0296ʖLatin Letter Inverted Glottal StopAlveolar lateral click (obsolete)203U+0297ʗLatin Letter Stretched CPostalveolar click (obsolete)202U+0298ʘLatin Letter Bilabial ClickBilabial click176U+0299ʙLatin Letter Small Capital BBilabial trill121U+029AʚLatin Small Letter Closed Open EOpen-mid central rounded vowel396U+029BʛLatin Letter Small Capital G with HookVoiced uvular implosive168U+029CʜLatin Letter Small Capital HVoiceless epiglottal fricative172U+029DʝLatin Small Letter J with Crossed TailVoiced palatal fricative139U+029EʞLatin Small Letter Turned KVelar click (obsolete)291U+029FʟLatin Letter Small Capital LVelar lateral approximant158U+02A0ʠLatin Small Letter Q with Hook"Voiceless" uvular implosive (obsolete)167U+02A1ʡLatin Letter Glottal Stop with StrokeEpiglottal plosive173U+02A2ʢLatin Letter Reversed Glottal Stop with StrokeVoiced epiglottal fricative174U+02A3ʣLatin Small Letter DZ DigraphVoiced alveolar affricate (obsolete)212U+02A4ʤLatin Small Letter Dezh DigraphVoiced postalveolar affricate (obsolete)214U+02A5ʥLatin Small Letter DZ Digraph with CurlVoiced alveolo-palatal affricate (obsolete)216U+02A6ʦLatin Small Letter TS DigraphVoiceless alveolar affricate (obsolete)211U+02A7ʧLatin Small Letter Tesh DigraphVoiceless postalveolar affricate (obsolete)213U+02A8ʨLatin Small Letter TC Digraph with CurlVoiceless alveolo-palatal affricate (obsolete)215 IPA characters for disordered speechU+02A9ʩLatin Small Letter Feng DigraphVelopharyngeal fricative602U+02AAʪLatin Small Letter LS DigraphVoiceless grooved lateral alveolar fricative603U+02ABʫLatin Small Letter LZ DigraphVoiced grooved lateral alveolar fricative604U+02ACʬLatin Letter Bilabial PercussiveBilabial percussiveU+02ADʭLatin Letter Bidental PercussiveBidental percussive601 Additions for SinologyU+02AEʮLatin Small Letter Turned H with FishhookSyllabic labialized voiced alveolar fricative (Sinologist usage)U+02AFʯLatin Small Letter Turned H with Fishhook and TailSyllabic labialized voiced retroflex fricative (Sinologist usage)
Subheadings The IPA Extensions block contains only three subheadings, each associated with a set of characters encoded in a different version of Unicode, IPA extensions, IPA characters for disordered speech, and Additions for Sinology.
IPA extensions The IPA extensions are the first 89 characters of the IPA Extensions block, which includes Latin character variants and Greek borrowings that are regularly used only in IPA contexts. The characters of the IPA extensions subheading were part of the original Unicode 1.0.
IPA characters for disordered speech The extIPA characters for disordered speech are additions to the IPA for phonemes that do not occur in natural languages, but are needed for recording pre-linguistic utterances by babies, gibberish from otherwise lingual individuals, and other non-linguistic but phonetic utterances. The IPA characters for disordered speech were added to the IPA Extensions block in Unicode version 3.0.
Additions for Sinology The Additions for Sinology are two additional symbols for phonemic transcription of the languages of China. The Additions for Sinology were added to the IPA Extensions block in Unicode version 4.0.
Compact table
History
The IPA Extensions block has been present in Unicode since version 1.0, and was unchanged through the unification with ISO 10646. The block was filled out with extensions for representing disordered speech in version 3.0, and Sinological phonetic symbols in version 4.0.
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the IPA Extensions block:
Version Count UTC ID L2 ID WG2 ID Document 1.0.0 U+0250..0296 71 (to be determined) txt) N3219 doc) U+0297..02A8 18 3.0 U+02A9..02AD 5 N1742 N1885 N1845 N1847 doc) N1920 html, doc) 4.0 U+02AE..02AF 2 N2366 N2366R N2403
See also Phonetic symbols in Unicode, a list of all phonetic characters encoded in Unicode Latin script in Unicode, a list of all Latin characters encoded in Unicode
References