Quechumaran or Kechumaran is a language family proposal that unites Quechua and Aymaran. Quechuan languages, especially those of the south, share a large amount of vocabulary with Aymara. The hypothesis of the existence of Quechuamara was originally posted by linguist Norman McQuown in 1955.Cerrón-Palomino, R. (2000). Lingüística aimara. Cuzco: CBC, p. 301. Terrence Kaufman finds the proposal reasonably convincing, but Willem Adelaar, a Quechua specialist, believes the similarities to be caused by borrowing during long-term contact. Lyle Campbell suspects that the proposal is valid but does not consider it to have been conclusively proved.
Moulian et al. (2015) posits the Puquina language of the Tiwanaku Empire as a possible source for some of the shared vocabulary between Quechua, Aymara and Mapuche.
Swadesh lists 100-word Swadesh lists of Proto-Aymaran and Proto-Quechuan from Cerrón (2000):Cerrón Palomino, Rodolfo. 2000. El Aimara y el Quechua: relaciones distantes. In Luis Miranda Esquerre (ed.), Actas del I Congreso de Lenguas Indígenas de Sudamérica, 17–38. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma, Facultad de Lenguas Modernas, Departamento Académico de Humanidades.
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! no. !! gloss !! Proto-Quechuan !! Proto-Aymaran |- | 1. || I || *ya-qa || *na-ya |- | 2. || you || *qam || *huma |- | 3. || we || *ya-qa-nčik || *hiwa-sa |- | 4. || this || *kay || *aka |- | 5. || that || *čay || *uka |- | 6. || who? || *pi || *qači |- | 7. || what? || *ima || *qu |- | 8. || not || *mana || *hani |- | 9. || all || *λapa || *taqi |- | 10. || many || *ačka || *aλuqa |- | 11. || one || *ŝuk || *maya |- | 12. || two || *iŝkay || *paya |- | 13. || big || *hatu(n) || *haĉ’a |- | 14. || long || *suni || *suni |- | 15. || small || *učuk || *hisk’a |- | 16. || woman || *warmi || *marmi |- | 17. || man || *qari || *čača |- | 18. || person || *runa || *haqi |- | 19. || fish || *čaλwa || *čǎλwa |- | 20. || bird || *pisqu || *amač’i |- | 21. || dog || *aλqu || *anu(qa) |- | 22. || louse || *usa || *lap’a |- | 23. || tree || *maλki || *quqa |- | 24. || seed || *muhu || *atʰa |- | 25. || leaf || *rapra || *lapʰi |- | 26. || root || *sapʰi || *asu |- | 27. || bark || *qara || *siλp’i |- | 28. || skin || *qara || *lip’iči |- | 29. || flesh || *ayča || *hanči |- | 30. || blood || *yawar || *wila |- | 31. || bone || *tuλu || *ĉ’aka |- | 32. || grease || *wira || *lik’i |- | 33. || egg || *runtu / *ruru || *k’awna |- | 34. || horn || *waqra || *waqra |- | 35. || tail || *ĉupa || *wič’inkʰa |- | 36. || feather || *pʰuru || *pʰuyu |- | 37. || hair || *aqča / *čukča || *nik’uĉa |- | 38. || head || *uma || *p’iqi |- | 39. || ear || *rinri || *hinču |- | 40. || eye || *ñawi || *nawra |- | 41. || nose || *sinqa || *nasa |- | 42. || mouth || *simi || *laka |- | 43. || tooth || *kiru || *laka ĉ’akʰa |- | 44. || tongue || *qaλu || *laqra |- | 45. || claw || *ŝiλu || *šiλu |- | 46. || foot || *ĉaki || *kayu |- | 47. || knee || *qunqur || *qhunquru |- | 48. || hand || *maki || *ampara |- | 49. || belly || *paĉa / *wiksa || *puĉa(ka) |- | 50. || neck || *kunka || *kunka |- | 51. || breasts || *ñuñu || *ñuñu |- | 52. || heart || *ŝunqu || *čuyma |- | 53. || liver || *k’ipĉa(n) || *k’ipĉa |- | 54. || drink || *upya- || *uma- |- | 55. || eat || *mikʰu- || *manq’a- / *palu- |- | 56. || bite || *kani- || *aĉu- |- | 57. || see || *rikʰu- || *uλa- |- | 58. || hear || *uya- || *iša- |- | 59. || know || *yaĉa- || *yaĉi- |- | 60. || sleep || *puñu- || *iki- |- | 61. || die || *wañu- || *hiwa- |- | 62. || kill || *wañu-či- || *hiwa-ya- |- | 63. || swim || *wayt’a- || *tuyu- |- | 64. || fly || *pʰaya-ri- || *hala- |- | 65. || walk || *puri- || *sara- / *wasa- |- | 66. || come || *ŝa-mu- || *huta- |- | 67. || lie || *anĉ’a-ra- || *haqu-ši- |- | 68. || sit || *taya-ku- || *uta-ĉ’a- |- | 69. || stand || *ŝaya-ri- || *saya- |- | 70. || give || *qu- || *čura- |- | 71. || say || *ñi- || *saya- |- | 72. || sun || *rupay || *lupi |- | 73. || moon || *kiλa || *paqši |- | 74. || star || *quyλur || *wara(wara) |- | 75. || water || *yaku || *uma |- | 76. || rain || *tamya / *para || *haλu |- | 77. || stone || *rumi || *qala |- | 78. || sand || *aqu || *č’aλa |- | 79. || earth || *paĉa || *uraqi |- | 80. || cloud || *pʰuyu / *pukutay || *qhinaya / *urpi |- | 81. || smoke || *q’usñi / *quntay || *iwq’i |- | 82. || fire || *nina || *nina |- | 83. || ashes || *uĉpa || *qhiλa |- | 84. || burn || *k’añay || *nak’a- |- | 85. || path || *ñayani || *tʰaki |- | 86. || mountain || *urqu || *quλu |- | 87. || red || *puka || *čupika |- | 88. || green || *q’umir / *ĉiqya(q) || *č’uqña |- | 89. || yellow || *q’iλu / *qarwa || *tuyu |- | 90. || white || *yuraq || *anq’u |- | 91. || black || *yana || *ĉ’iyara |- | 92. || night || *tuta || *aruma |- | 93. || hot || *q’unu || *hunĉ’u |- | 94. || cold || *čiri || *tʰaya |- | 95. || full || *hunta || *pʰuqa |- | 96. || new || *muŝuq || *mačaqa |- | 97. || good || *aλi || *aski |- | 98. || round || *muyu || *muruqu |- | 99. || dry || *čaki || *waña |- | 100. || name || *suti || *suti
Further reading Orr, C. J.; Longacre, R. E. (1968). Proto Quechumaran. Language, 44:528-55.
References