List of sequenced plastomes

A plastome is the genome of a plastid, a type of organelle found in plants and in a variety of protists. The number of known plastid genome sequences grew rapidly in the first decade of the twenty-first century. For example, 25 chloroplast genomes were sequenced for one molecular phylogenetic study.

The flowering plants are especially well represented in complete chloroplast genomes. As of January, 2017, all of their orders are represented except Commelinales, Picramniales, Huerteales, Escalloniales, Bruniales, and Paracryphiales.

A compilation of most complete plastid genomes is maintained by the NCBI in a public repository.

Plants Bryophytes s.l. + Sequenced plastomesSpeciesVarietySize (bp)GenesReferenceNotesAneura mirabilis108,007Plastid genome evolution of the non-photosynthetic liverwort Aneura mirabilis (Malmb.) Wickett & Goffinet (Aneuraceae)parasitic liverwort; plastome contains many pseudogenesAnthoceros formosae161,162 122hornwort; extensive RNA editing of plastomeMarchantia polymorpha121,024liverwortNothoceros aenigmaticus153,208124hornwortPellia endiviifolia120,546123liverwortPhyscomitrella patens122,890118mossPtilidium pulcherrimum119,007122liverwortTortula ruralis122,630moss

Ferns and lycophytes + Sequenced plastomesSpeciesVarietySize (bp)GenesReferenceFamilyNotesAdiantum capillus-veneris150,568PteridaceaeAlsophila spinulosa156,661117CyatheaceaeAngiopteris evecta153,901 MarattiaceaeEquisetum arvense133,309EquisetaceaeHuperzia lucidula154,373LycopodiaceaeIsoetes flaccida145,303IsoetaceaePsilotum nudum138,829117 See External links below.PsilotaceaeSelaginella uncinata138,829Selaginellaceae

+ Sequenced fern and lycophyte plastomes without information about size, number of genes and/or referencesSpeciesVarietySize (bp)GenesReferenceFamilyNotesEquisetum hyemaleEquisetaceaeLygodium japonicumLygodiaceaeMarsilea crenataMarsileaceaeOphioglossum californicumOphioglossaceaeSelaginella moellendorffiiSelaginellaceae

Gymnosperms + Sequenced plastomesSpeciesVarietySize (bp)GenesReferenceFamilyNotesCryptomeria japonica131,810114CupressaceaeCycas micronesica CycadaceaeCycas taitungensis163,403133CycadaceaeEphedra equisetinaEphedraceaeGinkgo biloba156,945134GinkgoaceaeGnetum parvifoliumGnetaceaePicea engelmanniiSe404-851123,542114PinaceaePicea glaucaPG29123,266114PinaceaePicea glaucaWS77111123,421114PinaceaePicea sitchensisQ903124,049114PinaceaePinus koraiensis116,866PinaceaePinus thunbergii119,707PinaceaePodocarpus macrophyllusPodocarpaceaeWelwitschia mirabilis119,726101Welwitschiaceae

Flowering plants This sortable table is expected to compile complete plastid genomes representing the largest range of sizes, number of genes, and angiosperm families.

+ Sequenced plastomes with complete genome size, number of unique genes, reference and publication year.SpeciesSize (bp)GenesReferenceYearFamilyNotesAcorus americanus153,8192007AcoraceaeAgrostis stolonifera135,584110Guisinger et al, Implications of the Plastid Genome Sequence of Typha (Typhaceae, Poales) for Understanding Genome Evolution in Poaceae, J Mol Evol 70: 149–166 (2010)2010PoaceaeAlniphyllum eberhardtii155,3841132017StyracaceaeAlstroemeria aurea155,5101122013AlstroemeriaceaeAmborella trichopoda162,6862003AmborellaceaeAnethum graveolens153,3562007ApiaceaeArabidopsis thaliana154,4781999BrassicaceaeAtropa belladonna156,6872002SolanaceaeBrachypodium distachyon135,1991102010PoaceaeBuxus microphylla159,0101132007BuxaceaeCalycanthus floridus var. glaucus153,3371152003CalycanthaceaeCarpinus tientaiensis160,1041142017BetulaceaeChloranthus spicatus157,7721132007ChloranthaceaeCitrus sinensis var. 'Ridge Pineapple'155,1892006RutaceaeCocos nucifera154,7311302013ArecaceaeCoffea arabica155,1892007RubiaceaeCoix lacryma-jobi140,7452009PoaceaeConopholis americana45,673422013OrobanchaceaeNon-photosynthetic parasiteCucumis sativus155,2932007CucurbitaceaeCuscuta exaltata125,3732007ConvolvulaceaeCuscuta gronovii86,744862007ConvolvulaceaeCuscuta reflexa121,521982007ConvolvulaceaeCypripedium formosanum178,1312015OrchidaceaeCytinus hypocistis19,400232016CytinaceaeHoloparasiticDaucus carota155,9112006ApiaceaeDioscorea elephantipes152,6091122007DioscoreaceaeDrimys granadensis160,6041132006WinteraceaeEpifagus virginiana70,028421992OrobanchaceaeEpipogium aphyllum30,650272015OrchidaceaeMycoheterotrophicEpipogium roseum19,047292015OrchidaceaeMycoheterotrophicErodium carvifolium116,9351072016GeraniaceaeErodium chrysanthum168,946962016GeraniaceaeErodium texanum130,8121062011GeraniaceaeEucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus160,2862005MyrtaceaeFagopyrum esculentum ssp. ancestrale159,5992008PolygonaceaeGeranium palmatum155,7941052011GeraniaceaeGlycine max152,2182005FabaceaeGossypium barbadense160,3171142006MalvaceaeGossypium hirsutum160,3012006MalvaceaeHelianthus annuus151,1042007AsteraceaeHordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare136,4821102010PoaceaeHydnora visseri27,233242016AristolochiaceaeNon-photosynthetic holoparasiteIllicium oligandrum148,5521132007Schisandraceae (sensu APG III)Ipomoea purpurea162,0462007ConvolvulaceaeJasminum nudiflorum165,1212007OleaceaeJuglans regia160,3671292017JuglandaceaeLactuca sativa152,7652007AsteraceaeLemna minor165,9552008AraliaceaeLicania alba162,4671122014ChrysobalanaceaeLilium longiflorum152,7931142013LiliaceaeLiriodendron tulipifera159,8662006MagnoliaceaeLolium perenne135,2821102010PoaceaeLonicera japonica155,0782010CaprifoliaceaeLotus japonicus150,5192000FabaceaeManihot esculenta161,4532008EuphorbiaceaeMonotropa hypopitys35,336452016EricaceaeMycoheterotrophicMonsonia speciosa128,7871062011GeraniaceaeMorus indica156,5992006MoraceaeMusa balbisiana169,5031132016MusaceaeNandina domestica156,5992006BerberidaceaeNeottia nidus-avis92,060562011OrchidaceaeMycoheterotrophicNelumbo nucifera163,3302010NelumbonaceaeNicotiana tabacum155,9431131986SolanaceaeNuphar advena160,8661172007NymphaeaceaeNymphaea alba159,9302004NymphaeaceaeOenothera argillicola strain Douthat 1165,0551132008OnagraceaeOenothera biennis strain suaveolens Grado164,8071132008OnagraceaeOenothera elata subsp. hookeri strain johansen Standard165,7281132008OnagraceaeOenothera glazioviana strain r/r-lamarckiana Sweden165,2251132008OnagraceaeOenothera parviflora strain atrovirens Standard163,3651132008OnagraceaeOryza sativa indica 93–11134,4962005PoaceaeOryza sativa japonica Nipponbare134,5511101989PoaceaeOryza sativa japonica PA64S134,5512005PoaceaeOsyris alba147,2531012015SantalaceaeHemiparasiticPanax ginseng156,3182004AraliaceaePelargonium × hortorum217,9422006GeraniaceaePetrosavia stellaris103,835582014PetrosaviaceaeMycoheterotrophicPhalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana148,9642006OrchidaceaePhaseolus vulgaris 'Negro Jamapa'150,2852007FabaceaePilostyles aethiopica11,34852016ApodanthaceaeEndo-holoparasitePilostyles hamiltonii15,16752016ApodanthaceaeEndo-holoparasitePiper cenocladum160,6241132006PiperaceaePlatanus occidentalis161,7912006PlatanaceaePopulus alba156,5052006SalicaceaeRanunculus macranthus155,1581172007RanunculaceaeRhizanthella gardneri59,190332011OrchidaceaeSubterranean mycoheterotrophSaccharum officinarum141,1821102010PoaceaeSciaphila densiflora21,485282015TriuridaceaeMycoheterotrophicSolanum tuberosum155,2982006SolanaceaeSorghum bicolor140,7541102010PoaceaeSpinacia oleracea150,7252001AmaranthaceaeTrachelium caeruleum162,3212008CampanulaceaeTrifolium subterraneum144,7631112008FabaceaeTriticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring134,5451102000PoaceaeTypha latifolia165,5721132010TyphaceaeVaccinium macrocarpon176,0451472013EricaceaeViscum album128,921962015ViscaceaeHemiparasiticViscum minimum131,016992015ViscaceaeHemiparasiticVitis vinifera160,9282006VitaceaeYucca schidigera156,1582005Asparagaceae (sensu APG III)Zea mays140,3841102010Poaceae

+ Sequenced plastomes without information about size, number of genes and / or references.SpeciesSize (bp)GenesReferenceYearFamilyNotesAcorus calamus153,821AcoraceaeAethionema cordifoliumBrassicaceaeAethionema grandiflorumBrassicaceaeAntirrhinum majus2010PlantaginaceaeArabis hirsutaBrassicaceaeAucuba japonica2010GarryaceaeBambusa oldhamii139,350PoaceaeBarbarea vernaBrassicaceaeBerberidopsis corallina2010BerberidopsidaceaeBrassica rapaBrassicaceaeBulnesia arborea2010ZygophyllaceaeCapsella bursa-pastorisBrassicaceaeCarica papayaCaricaceaeCeratophyllum demersum2007CeratophyllaceaeCornus florida2010CornaceaeCrucihimalya wallichiiBrassicaceaeCuscuta obtusifloraConvolvulaceaeCuscuta reflexaConvolvulaceaeDendrocalamus latiflorus139,365PoaceaeDillenia indica2010DilleniaceaeDraba nemorosaBrassicaceaeEhretia acuminata2010BoraginaceaeElaeis oleifera2007ArecaceaeEuonymus americanus2010CelastraceaeFestuca arundinaceaPoaceaeFicus sp.2010MoraceaeGuizotia abyssinicaAsteraceaeGunnera manicata2010GunneraceaeHedyosmumunpublishedChloranthaceaeHeuchera sanguinea2010SaxifragaceaeIlex cornuta2010AquifoliaceaeLepidium virginicumBrassicaceaeLiquidambar styraciflua (syn. Altingia styraciflua)2010AltingiaceaeLobularia maritimaBrassicaceaeLotus corniculatusFabaceaeMedicago truncatulata124,033FabaceaeMegaleranthis saniculifolia159,924RanunculaceaeMeliosma cuneifolia2010SabiaceaeNasturtium officinaleBrassicaceaeOlimarabidopsis pumilaBrassicaceaePhoenix dactyliferaArecaceaeNerium oleander154,903ApocynaceaeNicotiana sylvestris155,941SolanaceaeNicotiana tomentosiformis155,745SolanaceaeOryza nivara134,494PoaceaeOxalis latifolia2010OxalidaceaePassiflora biflora2007PassifloraceaePhoradendron leucarpum2010ViscaceaePlumbago auriculata2010PlumbaginaceaePopulus trichocarpaGerald A. Tuskan, et alii (110 authors). 2006. "The genome of Black Cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)". Science 313 (5793):1596-1604.2006SalicaceaeQuercus nigra2010FagaceaeRhododendron simsii2010EricaceaeScaevola aemula2007GoodeniaceaeSolanum bulbocastanum155,371SolanaceaeSolanum lycopersicum155,460SolanaceaeStaphylea colchica2010StaphyleaceaeTrithuria (syn. Hydatella)unpublishedHydatellaceaeTrochodendron aralioides2010TrochodendraceaeXimenia americana2010Ximeniaceae

Green algae + Sequenced plastomesSpeciesVarietySize (bp)GenesReferenceBryopsis plumosa106,859115Chaetosphaeridium globosum131,183124Chara vulgarisChlamydomonas reinhardtii203,39599Chlorella vulgaris150,613209Chlorokybus atmophyticus201,76370Dunaliella salinaCCAP 19/18269,044102Emiliania huxleyi105,309150Helicosporidium37,45454Leptosira terrestris195,081117Mesostigma viride42,424Monomastix114,52894Nephroselmis olivacea200,799127Oedogonium cardiacum196,547103Oltmannsiellopsis viridis151,933105Ostreococcus tauri71,66686Pseudendoclonium akinetum195,867105Pycnococcus provasolii80,21198Pyramimonas parkeae101,605110Scenedesmus obliquus161,45296Staurastrum punctulatumStigeoclonium helveticum223,90297Tydemania expeditionis105,200125Ulva sp.UNA0007182899,983102 Volvox carteri420,65091Zygnema circumcarinatum

Red algae