List of Indigenous peoples of South America

The following is a list of indigenous peoples of South America. These include the peoples living in South America in the pre-Columbian era and the historical and contemporary descendants of those peoples.

Circum-Caribbean The Circum-Caribbean cultural region was characterized by anthropologist Julian Steward, who edited the Handbook of South American Indians.Steward, Julian H. (1948) Editor. Handbook of South American Indians. Volume 4 The Circum-Caribbean Tribes. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. It spans indigenous peoples in the Caribbean, Central American, and northern South America, the latter of which is listed here.

Colombia and Venezuela

The Colombia and Venezuela culture area includes most of Colombia and Venezuela. Southern Colombia is in the Andean culture area, as are some peoples of central and northeastern Colombia, who are surrounded by peoples of the Colombia and Venezuela culture. Eastern Venezuela is in the Guianas culture area, and southeastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela are in the Amazonia culture area.

Abibe, northwestern Colombia Aburrá, central Colombia Achagua (Axagua), eastern Colombia, western Venezuela Agual, western Colombia Amaní, central Colombia Ancerma, western Colombia Andaquí (Andaki), Huila Department, Colombia Andoque, (Andoke, southeastern Colombia Antiochia, Colombia Arbi, western Colombia Arma, western Colombia Atunceta, western Colombia Auracana, northeastern Colombia Buriticá, western Colombia Calamari, northwestern Colombia Calima, western Colombia, 200 BCE–400 CE Caramanta, western Columbia Carate, northeastern Colombia Carare, northeastern Colombia Carex, northwestern Colombia Cari, western Colombia Carrapa, western Colombia Cartama, western Colombia Cauca, western Colombia, 800–1200 CE Corbago, northeastern Colombia Cosina, northeastern Colombia Catio, northwestern Colombia Cenufaná, northwestern Colombia Chanco, western Colombia Coanoa, northeastern Colombia Evéjito, western Colombia Fincenú, northwestern Colombia Gorrón, western Colombia Guahibo (Guajibo), eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela Guambía, western Colombia Guane, Colombia, pre-Columbian culture Guanebucan, northeastern Colombia Guayupe, central-eastern Colombia Guazuzú, northwestern Colombia Hiwi, western Colombia, eastern Venezuela Itoto, Wotuja, or Jojod, Venezuela"Maco." Ethnologue. Retrieved 30 Aug 2012. Jamundí, western Colombia Kogi, northern Colombia Lile, western Colombia Lache, central Colombia Mompox, northwestern Colombia Motilone, northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela Muisca, central Colombia Muzo, central Colombia Naura, central Colombia Nauracota, central Colombia Noanamá (Waunana, Huaunana, Woun Meu), northwestern Colombia and Panama Nutabé, northwestern Colombia Opón, northeastern Colombia Panche, central Colombia Pacabueye, northwestern Colombia Pancenú, northwestern Colombia Patángoro, central Colombia Paucura, western Colombia Pemed, northwestern Colombia Pequi people, western Colombia Piaroa, Colombia and Venezuela Picara, western Colombia Pijao, central Colombia Pozo, western Colombia Quimbaya, central Colombia, 4th–7th CE Quinchia, western Colombia Sutagao, central Colombian Tahamí, northwestern Colombia Tairona, northern Colombia, pre-Columbian culture, 1st–11th CE Tamalameque, northwestern Colombia Tegua, central Colombia Timba, western Colombia Tinigua, Caquetá Department, Colombia Tolú, northwestern Colombia Toro, western Colombia Tupe, northeastern Colombia Turbaco people, northwestern Colombia Urabá, northwestern Colombia Urezo, northwestern Colombia U'wa, eastern Colombia, western Venezuela Wayuu (Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro), northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela Wiwa, northern Colombia Xiriguana, northeastern Colombia Yamicí, northwestern Colombia Yapel, northwestern Colombia Yarigui, northeastern Colombia Yukpa, Yuko, northeastern Colombia Zamyrua, northeastern Colombia Zendagua, northwestern Colombia Zenú, northwestern Colombia, pre-Columbian culture, 200 BCE–1600 CE Zopia, western Colombia

Guianas This region includes northern parts Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and parts of the Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, and Roraima States in Brazil.

Acawai (6N 60W) Acokwa (3N 53W) Acuria (Akurio, Akuriyo, Roraima, Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela Amariba (2N 60W) Amicuana (2N 53W) Apalaí (Apalai), Amapá, Brazil Apirua (3N 53W) Apurui (3N 53W) Aracaret (4N 53W) Aramagoto (2N 54W) Aramisho (2N 54W) Arebato (7N 65W) Arekena (2N 67W) Arhuaco, northeastern Colombia Arigua Arinagoto (4N 63W) Aruã (1N 50W) Aruacay, Venezuela Atorai (2N 59W) Atroahy (1S 62W) Auaké, Brazil and Guyana Baniwa (Baniva) (3N 68W), Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela Baraüana (1N 65W) Bonari (3S 58W) Baré (3N 67W) Caberre (4N 71 W) Cadupinago Cariaya (1S 63 W) Carib (Kalinago), Venezuela Carinepagoto, Trinidad Chaguan, Venezuela Chaima, Venezuela Cuaga, Venezuela Cuacua, Venezuela Cumanagoto, Venezuela Guayano, Venezuela Guinau (4N 65W) Hixkaryána, Amazonas, Brazil Inao (4N 65W) Ingarikó, Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela Jaoi (Yao), Guyana, Trinidad and Venezuela Kali'na, Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela Lokono (Arawak, Locono), Guyana, Trinidad, Venezuela Macapa (2N 59W) Macushi, Brazil and Guyana Maipure (4N 67W) Maopityan (2N 59W) Mapoyo (Mapoye), Venezuela Marawan (3N 52W) Mariche, Venezuela Mariusa, Venezuela Marourioux (3N 53W) Nepuyo (Nepoye), Guyana, Trinidad and Venezuela Orealla, Guyana Palengue, Venezuela Palikur, Brazil, French Guiana Parauana (2N 63W) Parauien (3S 60W) Pareco, Venezuela Paria, Venezuela Patamona, Roraima, Brazil Pauishana (2N 62W) Pemon (Arecuna), Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela Piapoco (3N 70W) Piaroa, Venezuela Pino (3N 54W) Piritú, Venezuela Purui (2N 52W) Saliba (Sáliva), Venezuela Sanumá, Venezuela, Brazil Shebayo, Trinidad Sikiana (Chikena, Xikiyana), Brazil, Suriname Tagare, Venezuela Tamanaco, Venezuela Tarumá (3S 60W) Tibitibi, Venezuela Tiriyó (Tarëno), Brazil, Suriname Tocoyen (3N 53W) Tumuza, Venezuela Wai-Wai, Amazonas, Brazil and Guyana Wapishana, Brazil and Guyana Warao (Warrau), Guyana and Venezuela Wayana (Oyana), Pará, Brazil Wirö, western Venezuela, eastern Colombia Ya̧nomamö (Yanomami), Venezuela and Amazonas, Brazil Ye'kuana, Venezuela, Brazil

Eastern Brazil

This region includes parts of the Ceará, Goiás, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, and Santa Catarina states of Brazil

Apinajé (Apinaye Caroyo),"Cultural Thesaurus." National Museum of the American Indian. Retrieved 5 Aug 2012. Rio Araguiaia Apurinã (Popũkare), Amazonas and Acre Arara, Pará Bororo (Borôro), Mato Grosso Botocudo (Lakiãnõ) Carijo Guarani East Brazilian Tradition, Precolumbian culture Guató (Guato), Mato Grosso Kadiwéu (Guaicuru), Mato Grosso do Sul Karajá (Iny, Javaé), Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, and Tocantins Kaxixó, Minas Gerais Kayapo (Cayapo, Mebêngôkre), Mato Grosso and Pará Laklãnõ, Santa Catarina Mehim (Krahô, Crahao), Rio Tocantins Ofayé, Mato Grosso do Sul Parakatêjê (Gavião), Pará Pataxó, Bahia Potiguara (Pitigoares), Ceará Tabajara, Ceará Tupiniquim, Espírito Santo Umutina (Barbados) Xakriabá (Chakriaba, Chikriaba, or Shacriaba), Minas Gerais Xavánte (Shavante), Mato Grosso Xerénte (Sherente), Goiás Xucuru, Pernambuco

Andes

Andean Hunting-Collecting Tradition, Argentina, 11,000–4,000 CE Awa-Kwaiker, northern Ecuador, southern Colombia Aymara, Bolivia, Chile, Peru Cañari, Ecuador Capulí culture, Ecuador, 800—1500 CE Cerro Narrio (Chaullabamba) (Precolumbian culture) Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru Chachilla (Cayapas) Chanka (Chanca), Peru Chavín, northern Peru, 900–200 BCE Chipcha, Colombia (Precolumbian culture) Chincha people, Peru (Precolumbian culture) Chuquibamba culture (Precolumbian culture) Conchucos Diaguita Amaicha, Argentina Calchaquí, Argentina Chicoana, Salta, Argentina Quilmes (Precolumbian culture), Argentina Guangaia (Precolumbian culture) Ichuña microlithic tradition (Precolumbian culture) Inca Empire (Inka), based in Peru Jama-Coaque (Precolumbian culture) Jujuyes, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile Churumatas, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile Chirimano, Argentina Pelicochos, Argentina Palomos, Argentina Killke culture, Peru, 900–1200 CE Kogi people, northern Columbia Kolla (Colla), Argentina, Bolivia, Chile La Tolita (Precolumbian culture) Las Vegas culture, coastal Ecuador, 8000 BCE–4600 BCE Lauricocha culture, Peru, 8000–2500 BCE Lima culture, Peru, 100–650 CE Maina, Ecuador, Peru Cultura Milagro-Quevedo (Precolumbian culture) Milagro (Precolumbian culture) Mollo culture, Bolivia, 1000–1500 CE Muisca, Colombian highlands (Precolumbian culture) Pachacama (Precolumbian culture) Paez (Nasa culture), Colombian highlands (Precolumbian culture) Panzaleo (Precolumbian culture) Pasto Pijao, Colombia Quechua (Kichua, Kichwa) Q'ero Chankas Wankas (Huancas) Quitu culture, 2000 BCE—1550 CE Salinar culture (Precolumbian culture) Peru Saraguro Tiwanaku culture (Tiahuanaco), 400–1000 CE, Bolivia Tomatas, Tarija, Bolivia Tsáchila (Colorado), Ecuador Tuza-Piartal (Precolumbian culture) Columbia Uru, Bolivia, Peru (On Titicaca) Uru-Murato, Bolivia Wari culture, central coast and highlands of Peru, 500–1000 CE Pocra culture, Ayacucho Province, Peru, 500–1000 CE

Pacific Lowlands

Amotape complex, northern coastal Peru, 9,000–7,000 BCE Atacameño (Atacama, Likan Antaí), Chile Awá, Colombia and Ecuador Bara, Colombia Cara culture, coastal Ecuador, 500 BCE–1550 CE Bahía, Ecuador, 500 BCE–500 CE Casma culture, coastal Peru, 1000–1400 CE Chancay, central coastal Peru, 1000–1450 CE Chango, coastal Peru, northern Chile Chimú, north coastal Peru, 1000–1450 CE Cupisnique (Precolumbian culture), 1000-200 BCE, coastal Peru Lambayeque (Sican culture), north coastal Peru, 750–1375 CE Machalilla culture, coastal Ecuador, 1500–1100 BCE Manteño civilization, western Ecuador, 850–1600 CE Moche (Mochica), north coastal Peru, 1–750 CE Nazca culture (Nasca), south coastal Peru, 1–700 CE Norte Chico civilization (Precolumbian culture), coastal Peru Paiján culture, northern coastal Peru, 8700–5900 BCE Paracas, south coastal Peru, 600–175 BCE Recuay culture, Peru (Precolumbian culture) Tallán (Precolumbian culture), north coastal Peru Valdivia culture, Ecuador, 3500–1800 BCE Virú culture, Piura Region, Peru, 200 BCE–300 CE Wari culture (Huari culture), Peru, 500–1000 CE Yukpa (Yuko), Colombia Yurutí, Colombia

Amazon

Northwestern Amazon This region includes Amazonas in Brazil; the Amazonas and Putumayo Departments in Colombia; Cotopaxi, Los Rios, Morona-Santiago, Napo, and Pastaza Provinces and the Oriente Region in Ecuador; and the Loreto Region in Peru.

Arabela, Loreto Region, Peru Arapaso (Arapaco), Amazonas, Brazil Baniwa Barbudo, Loreto Region, Peru Bora, Loreto Region, Peru Candoshi-Shapra (Chapras), Loreto Region, Peru Carútana (Arara), Amazonas, Brazil Chayahuita (Chaywita) Loreto Region, Peru Cocama, Loreto Region, Peru Cofán (Cofan), Putumayo Department, Colombia and Ecuador Cubeo (Kobeua), Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia Dâw, Rio Negro, Brazil Flecheiro Huaorani (Waorani, Waodani, Waos), Ecuador Hupda (Hup), Brazil, Colombia Jibito, Loreto Region, Peru Jivaroan peoples, Ecuador and Peru Achuar, Morona-Santiago Province and Oriente Region, Ecuador and Loreto Region, Peru Aguaruna (Aguarana), Ecuador, Peru Huambisa, Peru Shuar, Morona-Santiago Province and Oriente Region, Ecuador and Loreto Region, Peru Kachá (Shimaco, Urarina), Loreto Region, Peru Kamsá (Sebondoy), Putumayo Department, Colombia Kanamari, Amazonas, Brazil Kichua (Quichua) Cañari Kichua (Canari) Canelo Kichua (Canelos-Quichua), Pataza Province, Ecuador Chimborazo Kichua Cholos cuencanos Kichwa-Lamista, City of Lamas, Huallaga River, Mayo River, San Martin Region, Peru Napo Runa (Napo Kichua, Quijos-Quichua, Napo-Quichua), Ecuador and Peru Saraguro Sarayacu Kichua, Pastaza Province, Ecuador Korubu, Amazonas, Brazil Kugapakori-Nahua Macaguaje (Majaguaje), Río Caquetá, Colombia Machiguenga, Peru