Aillarehue or Ayllarehue (from the Mapudungun: ayllarewe/ayjarewe: "nine rehues"); a confederation of rehues or family-based units (lof) that dominated a region or province. It was the old administrative and territorial division of the Mapuche, Huilliche and the extinct Picunche people. Aillarehue acted as a unit only on special festive, religious, political and especial military occasions. Several aillarehues formed the Butalmapu, the largest military and political organization of the Mapuche.
Etymology Each Mapuche lof, levo or caví (lineage) celebrated its religious rituals at a unique rehue or rewe ("altar"), near the home of a local lonko, Ulmen or cacique, often the word rehue was used with the sense of party or clan ("I am from this rehue"), in a way similar to the old form of Christian administrative allegiance to parishes. Although aillarehue ment "nine altars" these confederations did not necessarily conform to this number of rehues. The name of many of these aillarehue confederations have remained in the present toponymy of the southern regions of Chile.
List of known Mapuche Butalmapu, their aillarehues and their known member rehues Picunmapu Although it is known the Picunche had many aillarehues in the central zone of Chile, like those of Codegua, Vichuquén and Rapel most of their names are unknown. The following list is reconstructed from the listing of the aillarehues of the Moluche and Huilliche between the Itata River and Reloncaví Sound, due to the work of Ricardo E. Latcham in the 1920s. Five Butalmapu were known to the Spanish at the beginning of the 18th century. Add to them the one in the region between the Itata and Bio Bio Rivers, that existed at the early part of the Conquest of Chile. With this one six are known to have existed. One is thought to have existed among the Picunche to the north of the Itata River, at the beginning of the conquest. It is thought to have extended from the Limari to the Mataquito Rivers.Ricardo E. Latcham, La organización social y las creencias religiosas de los antiguos araucanos, pg. 597-604.] The Picunche of the region of the Maule River valley may have been a separate Butalmapu or an aillarehue allied with the Cauquenes aillarehue and aillarehue of the northern Moluche Butalmapu at the time of the Inca invasion of Chile and at the Battle of the Maule.Their allies south of the Maule were the Cauqui(Cauquenes), Antalli (Andalién?), and Pincu(Peguco?). From the Comentarios reales of de Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Segunda Parte : Libro VII Cap. 19
Butalmapu between the Itata and Bio Bio Rivers The Butalmapu of Moluche aillarehues located between the coast and the foothills of the Andes between the Itata River and Bio Bio River. Coelemu (Spanish name Gualemo) between the Itata River and Estero Bureo. Coelemu Otohue Coihueco Peguco (Spanish name Penco) between the Estero Bureo and Andalién Rivers. Talcahuenu Aquelpangue Arana Puchacay Andalién Rere on both sides of the Claro River Huelén-Huelén Cahuiñungue Guachumávida Talcamávida Hualqui to the north of the Bio Bio River, from Quilacoya River to the Pacific Ocean and south of the Andalién River. Laleufu Quilacoya Yecutun Hualqui or Gualque Talcahuenu Llancamilla (Spanish usually called it Llaucamilla) between the Itata River and the region near Los Ángeles, east of Rere. Tolmilla Quelenmapuco Rarinlevu between the Laja River and Bio Bio River east of Los Ángeles. (names of rehues unknown)
Lafkenmapu The Butalmapu of Moluche aillarehues located between the coast and the Nahuelbuta Range between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River, (from north to south): Marihuenu between the Bio Bio and the Carampangue Rivers Neculhuenu Pailahuenu Topillanca Antuhuenu Colcura Marihuenu Huenurehue Chechelevo Conilevo Quiapeo Cahuinhuenu Arauco between the Carampangue and the Lebu Rivers Panguerehue Millarupue Llaghupai (Lavapie) Quidico Quiapo Levo (Lebu) Colico Arauco Andalicán Tucapel between the Lebu and the Lleulleu Rivers Molhuilli Lincoyan Pilmaiquén Tucapel Paicavi Ancalemu Thomelemu Cayucupil Ilicura Vutalevu Licanievu between the Lleulleu and the Tirua Rivers Chamacodo Lemolemo Villoto Colcuimo Relomo Pillurehue Vilurehue Provinco Licanlebu Tirua Ranquilhue between the Tirua and the Cautín Rivers Ranquilhue Quinahuel Pellahuenu Claroa Rangaloe Trevolhue Moncolhue Cautín between the Cautín and the Toltén Rivers Pelulcura Llamocavi Coyamrehue Celolebu Budi
Lelfünmapu The Butalmapu of Moluche aillarehues located in the Chilean Central Valley and between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River: Catiray east of the Nahuelbuta Range to the Bio Bio River until Negete in the south. Pirenmavida Tavolevo Lincura Arumco Pilumrehue Curalevo Coyamco Quilalemu Gueche Chipimo Mayurehue Peterehue Namcurehue Millapoa Chacaico between the Huequén River and the Renaico River Chacaico Viluquen Purén major parts of the old Department of Angol and of Traiguén from the Nahuelbuta Range to the Rahue River. Guadava Purén Coyamcahuin Lumaco Tomelemu Coipolevo Picoiquen Engolmo Leborupu Voquilemu Rupucura located in both shores of the Cholchol River, from entrance of the Colpi River, to the Cautín River, and from the Cautin, from hills of Nielol to the Nahuelbuta Range. Nielol Rupucura Colpillan Voigueco Boroa south of the Cautin River between the Boroa and Quepe Rivers Boroa
Ina piremapu The Butalmapu of Moluche aillarehues located in the zone of the foothills of the Andes between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River: Malven the old Department of Mulchen to the hills of Pemehue. Malven Rucalhue Quilaco Colhue between the rivers Renaico and Malleco. Colhue Quecherehue between the Huequén and Traiguén Rivers. Quecherehue Adencul Nupangue Quillahueque Quillinco between the Traiguén and Cautin Rivers Quillinco Maquehue between the Cautin and Quepe Rivers Maquehue Quincholco Chumilemo Puellocavi Alihueco Ailangue Purumen
Piren mapu The Butalmapu of Pehuenche aillarehues located in the zone of the Andes cordillera between the Itata and the Toltén Rivers: Quilcolco between the Duqueco and the Bio Bio Rivers Mincoya Coquilpoco Otarachina Iguamamilla Iguandepirén Inaculicán Maricaiveo Alcanhuere Calvulicán Millanaliuél Chancanahuél Rucalhue, between the valley of the Bio Bio, in the vicinity of Santa Bárbara Marupu Memacoiputuongo Tililco Queuco Callaqui in the same valley in the vicinity of the Callaque volcano. Lolco from Callaque to Lonquimay. Liucura from Lonquimay to Gualletué. Huenchulafquén, the vicinity of lake Huenchulafquén.
Willimapu
The Butalmapu of Huilliche and Cuncos aillarehues located in between the Toltén River and the Bueno River: Maricünga or Mariquina located in plain on both banks of the Cruces River. Marileufu Chonqui Rucaraque Chedque geographic location unknown Huenuhue or Guanehue vicinity of Panguipulli Lake. Pidhuinco geographic location unknown Arique, to the south of the Calle-Calle River to the Callileufu River. Naghtoltén south of the Toltén River, between the sea and the Donquill River. Quele to the south of Naghtoltén, from the coast, contiguous with the Maricüga River. Coipolavquén Huelchehue Huadalafquén from the north bank of the Calle-Calle River to the coast, bounded on the north by Maricüga. Lucone Popalán Pocotí Calle Calle Piden Riñihue in the region of Riñihue Lake Quinchilca to the west of Riñihue and on both sides of the Quinchilca River. Collico, between the Calle Calle and Futa Rivers. Cudico, the region between the Futa River and the sea. Sepilloa Colleco Lepilmapu Daghlipulli, to the east of Cudico. Quechurehue, between the Allipén River and Villarrica Lake. Ranco, in the region of Ranco Lake.
Chawra kawin The Butalmapu of Huilliche and Cuncos aillarehues located between the Bueno River and the Reloncaví Sound: Coihueco south of Osorno, Chile. Cunco on the coast before Llanquihue Lake. Quilacahuín, between the Rahue River and the sea. Trumao to the north of Quilacahuín, on the South bank of the Bueno River. Lipihue, to the southwest of Llanquihue lake. Lepilmapu, between the Llico River and the Maullín River. Carelmapu, to the south of the Maullín River. Calbuco, to the east of Carelmapu.
References
Sources Juan Ignatius Molina, The Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chili, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, London, 1809 Ricardo E. Latcham, La organización social y las creencias religiosas de los antiguos araucanos, Santiago de Chile, Impr. Cervantes, 1924.