This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms, based on data published by the World Bank, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Definition According to the World Bank: “Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research and experimental development.”
According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: “Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined as the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D carried out by all resident companies, research institutes, universities and government laboratories, etc., in a country. It includes R&D funded from abroad, but excludes domestic funds for R&D performed outside the domestic economy.”
List (PPP terms) As of 2024, the following list ranks countries based on their research and development spendings in purchasing power parity:
CountryR&D spending (billions)Global shareR&D spending per capita785.927.4%558781.827.2%2,300186.06.5%1,500136.44.6%2,670132.24.4%1,60086.53.0%1,25075.72.6%5365.82.3%98243.21.5%51438.41.3%18038.11.3%26433.21.2%81232.51.1%56129.01.0%61726.50.9%2,82025.10.9%92723.00.8%1,30020.80.7%2,25019.90.7%1,78019.90.7%1,93016.40.6%14015.60.5%1,69015.10.5%20911.70.4%2,25011.40.4%1,07010.40.4%1,79010.20.4%300
List (% of GDP) The following table provides information on R&D spending, based on data published by the World Bank, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The indicator is measured in USD constant prices using the 2015 base year and purchasing power parities (PPPs) by OECD and as percentage of GDP. As of 2024, Israel leads the world in R&D spending as a percentage of GDP, followed by South Korea, the United States, Japan, Belgium and Sweden.
+ Research and development (R&D) expenditure Country WB OECD R&D expenditure Gross domesticspending on R&D% of GDP Year % of GDP mil USD PPC Year 0.20 2022 0.44 2024 0.40 2006 0.16 2022 0.03 2016 0.60 2023 0.29 2024 1.83 2021 3.26 2023 3.27 18,558.42 2024 0.21 2024 0.19 2024 0.59 2024 3.27 2023 3.36 24,739.44 2024 0.23 2020 0.10 2024 0.06 2021 0.21 2024 0.56 2013 1.19 2023 0.28 2018 0.79 2023 0.77 1,529.88 2024 0.10 2024 0.21 2018 0.07 2011 0.09 2015 1.79 2024 1.79 39,256.39 2024 0.23 2016 0.39 2022 2.58 2023 2.69 859,300.09 2024 0.29 2020 0.34 2023 0.29 393.92 2024 1.39 2023 1.35 2,094.36 2024 0.44 2024 0.68 2023 1.83 2023 1.82 9,476.11 2022 0.07 2016 0.41 2015 3.05 2023 3.01 12,264.90 2022 0.44 2014 1.02 2024 0.10 2023 1.84 2023 1.99 1,115.36 2022 0.28 2015 0.27 2017 0.85 2003 3.09 2023 3.22 9,733.68 2024 2.18 2023 2.18 82,107.64 2024 0.58 2009 0.07 2018 0.26 2024 3.15 2023 3.13 159,537.40 2024 0.38 2010 1.49 2023 1.54 5,832.25 2024 0.65 2004 0.26 2005 0.01 2023 0.06 2019 1.13 2024 1.38 2023 1.31 5,031.96 2024 2.64 2023 2.47 610.82 2024 0.65 2020 0.28 2020 0.73 2021 0.04 2021 1.59 2023 1.37 8,478.71 2024 6.35 2023 6.76 30,586.27 2024 1.38 2023 1.38 42,368.51 2024 0.06 2002 3.44 2023 3.62 204,375.90 2024 0.70 2016 0.16 2024 0.81 2024 0.09 2024 0.05 2024 0.04 2002 0.82 2023 0.91 615.53 2024 0.09 2023 6.01 2023 1.05 2023 1.04 1,370.92 2024 1.07 2023 0.99 811.42 2024 0.31 2024 0.01 2017 0.18 2019 1.01 2022 0.15 2023 0.65 2023 0.01 2018 0.26 2024 0.25 2024 0.22 2024 0.04 2005 0.08 2022 0.36 2019 0.66 2010 0.31 2015 0.02 2023 0.65 2022 0.30 2010 2.27 2023 2.29 28,005.66 2024 1.55 2023 0.11 2015 0.28 2019 0.37 2024 1.85 2023 1.80 8,287.88 2024 0.39 2024 0.16 2023 0.45 2013 0.20 2024 0.03 2016 0.14 2023 0.18 2023 0.28 2020 1.56 2023 1.41 22,790.61 2024 1.69 2023 1.73 7,635.73 2024 0.43 2015 0.68 2021 0.38 2022 0.52 2023 0.46 3,235.71 2024 0.94 2024 0.78 2023 0.27 1999 0.11 2002 0.64 2024 0.58 2015 0.94 2024 0.22 2016 1.81 2022 1.03 2023 0.98 2,094.36 2024 2.13 2023 2.16 2,201.52 2024 0.61 2022 4.94 2023 5.13 141,653.81 2024 1.49 2023 1.50 33,629.01 2024 0.11 2022 0.23 2005 3.60 2023 3.56 22,720.41 2024 3.22 2023 0.04 2022 4.10 65,084.77 2024 0.09 2020 0.51 2013 0.94 2023 0.22 2024 0.05 2021 0.75 2019 2.42 2023 1.46 45,563.16 2024 0.09 2023 0.44 2023 0.37 2024 1.49 2021 2.68 2023 0.03 2007 3.45 2023 3.45 847,935.11 2024 0.70 2023 0.10 2024 0.34 2014 0.41 2023 0.28 2008 2.13 508,419.52 2024 OECD 2.72 1,990,750.12 2024
See also Business R&D intensity by country List of companies by research and development spending List of countries by number of scientific and technical journal articles List of countries by number of scientists and researchers List of U.S. states by research and development spending Science of science policy Science policy Tertiary education#Statistics
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