A voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia.
Transcription The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is . Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but is distinguished from by extending the hook below the baseline.
Features
Features of a voiceless retroflex stop:
Occurrence Language Word IPA Translation Notes Bengali 'taka' Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Bengali phonology Brahui سىٹ 'one' English Indian dialects 'time' Corresponds to alveolar in other dialects. See English phonologyGeneral American'art'Allophone of after Gujarati 'potato' Subapical; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Gujarati phonology Hindustani Hindi 'hat' Apical postalveolar Urdu Hmong / raus 'immerse in liquid' Contrasts with aspirated form (written ). Iwaidja 'taipan' Javanese 'cadaver' Kannada 'to tap' Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms Kashmiri 'hat' Lo-Toga 'we (incl.)' Laminal retroflex. Malayalam / 'lock' Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/. See Malayalam phonology Marathi 'potato' Subapical; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Marathi phonology Mutsun 'torn'Nepali 'team'Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Nepali phonology Norwegian 'card' See Norwegian phonology Nunggubuyu 'prawn' Odia / 'crepe jasmine' Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. Pashto 'all' Punjabi Gurmukhi 'hat' Shahmukhi Scottish Gaelic Some Hebridean dialectsBauer, Michael. Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation. Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011. 'high' Corresponds to the sequence in other dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonologySicilian 'thief' Swedish 'map' See Swedish phonology Sylheti[ʈulli] 'skull' contains tonal pronunciation. See Sylheti phonology Tamil / / 'eight' Subapical. See Tamil phonology Telugu 'to hit or beat' Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms Torwali 'words' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. Urdu 'sixty' Vietnamese Southern dialects 'you pay' May be somewhat affricated. See Vietnamese phonology Welayta 'dew'
See also Index of phonetics articles
Notes
References
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External links Phonology of English, including dialectical variations