Oliva is a Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Malagasy and Czech surname meaning "olive".
Notable people with the surname include Achille Bonito Oliva (born 1939), Italian art critic Aythami Artiles Oliva (born 1986), Spanish footballer Carlos Oliva Argueta (born 1979), Honduran footballer Carlos Oliva Sosa (born 1948), Peruvian footballer Christian Oliva (born 1996), Uruguayan footballer Criss Oliva (1963–1993), American guitarist Edel Oliva (born 1965), Cuban race walker Enrique Trinidad Oliva (1918-1967), Guatemalan colonel Erneido Oliva (1932–2020), Cuban-American army general Fernán Pérez de Oliva (c.1492–c.1530), Spanish writer Fernando Nicolas Oliva (born 1971), Argentine retired football player Giovanni Paolo Oliva (1600–1681), Italian Jesuit priest Ignazio Oliva (17th century), Italian painter Isabel Flores de Oliva (1586–1617), Spanish-Peruvian saint Jared Oliva (born 1995), American baseball player Jay Oliva (born 1976), American storyboard artist Jon Oliva (born 1960), American singer José Oliva (1971–1997), Dominican baseball player Juan Manuel Oliva (born 1960), Mexican politician L. Jay Oliva (1933–2014), American university president Mariana Díaz Oliva (born 1976), Argentine tennis player Mariana González Oliva (born 1976), Argentine retired field hockey player Mauricio Oliva (born 1951), Honduran politician Maximiliano Oliva (born 1990), Argentine footballer Patrizio Oliva (born 1959), Italian boxer Peter Oliva (born 1964), Canadian novelist Sergio Oliva (1941–2012), Cuban bodybuilder Tony Oliva (born 1938), Cuban baseball player Valentin Oliva (born 1998), Argentine singer-songwriter artistically known as Wos Vicente Pascual Oliva (died 1848), Spanish Franciscan missionary Viktor Oliva (1861–1928), Czech painter
Fictional characters Biscuit Oliva, a character from Baki the Grappler