Eli Thompson may refer to:
Eli "Lucky" Thompson (1924–2005), American jazz tenor and soprano saxophonist Eli Thompson Fryer (1878–1963), American Marine Corps brigadier general Eli Thompson (skydiver) (1973–2009), American skydiver and BASE jumper
Fictional characters Eli Thompson, in the US period crime drama TV series Boardwalk Empire, played by Shea Whigham and, in flashbacks in season 5, Ryan Dinning and Oakes Fegley