Kobar () is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the northern West Bank. Kobar is located at an altitude of above sea level with a mean annual rainfall of 669.8 mm. The average annual temperature is 16 °C and the average annual humidity is approximately 61%.
Since 1996, Kobar has been governed by a village council which is currently administrated by 11 members appointed by the Palestinian National Authority. There are two further employees working in the council; the village council owns a permanent headquarters and is included within a Joint Services Council for neighboring localities.
Location Kobar located north of Ramallah. It is bordered by Burham to the east, Jibiya and Umm Safa to the north, al-Ittihad to the west, and al-Zaitounah and Bir Zeit to the south.Kobar Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 4
History According to the Kobar Village Council, the name "Kobar" means "the place where the gypsum was" on account of it once containing abundant gypsum deposits.Kobar Village Profile, Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ). 2012.
Potsherds from the Iron Age, Persian/Hellenistic, Byzantine, Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk periods have been found in the village. The oldest sherds were found on the north and south slopes of the village, while Byzantine sherds were found on the west side.Finkelstein et al, 1997, pp. 397-398
Ottoman era Kobar, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596, the village was located in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. The population was 31 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3% on wheat, barley, vineyards, fruit trees, occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives; a total of 4,000 akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 116 Potsherds from the early Ottoman period has also been found here.
In 1838, it was noted as Kubar, a Muslim village in the Bani Zeid district, north of Jerusalem.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 125
In 1863 the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village. He noted it had 600 inhabitants, and a mosque dedicated to a Sheikh Ahmed.Guérin, 1869, p. 36 An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed Kobar with a population of 220, in 48 houses, though the population count included men, only.Socin, 1879, p. 156 It was also noted to be in the Bani Zeid districtHartmann, 1883, p. 106, noted 51 houses
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Kobar as a "small village on a hill-top, with rock-cut tombs, and a tank, surrounded by olives."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 290
In 1896 the population of Kubar was estimated to be about 444 persons.Schick, 1896, p. 126
British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kubar had a population of 447; 444 Muslims and 3 ChristiansBarron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16 where the Christians were all Orthodox.Barron, 1923, Table XIV, p. 45 This had increased by the time of the 1931 census to 546, all Muslim, in 122 houses.Mills, 1932, p. 49.
In 1922, Tawfiq Canaan documented local traditions linking two springs to spirits. 'En el-Qubbeh was believed to be the dwelling place of es-sitt Zenab, who reportedly inflicted consequences on any unclean woman approaching the spring, resulting in permanent loss of menstruation or the death of one of her children. Another spring, 'en esh-Sharqiyeh, was said to be home to es-sitt Fattumeh, who was observed engaging in prayer at the site.
In the 1945 statistics the population was 610, all Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26 while the total land area was 9,678 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 65 Of this, 3,512 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,434 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112 while 33 dunams were classified as built-up areas.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
Jordanian era In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Kobar came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 934 inhabitants in Kaubar.Government of Jordan, 1964, p. 24
1967-present Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Kobar has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, 53.7% of village land belongs to Area B, while the remaining 46.3% is Area C.Kobar Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 17
In 2008, the preacher at the local mosque in Kobar, Majed Barghouti, 44, died while in detention. His relatives alleged that he had been tortured.Hamas preacher dies while in Palestinian jail; kin allege torture, Feb. 23, 2008, HaaretzHamas turns West Bank funeral of leading cleric into protest against Fatah, Feb. 25, 2008, Haaretz
Notable people from Kobar Fadwa Barghouti Marwan Barghouti Hussein Barghouthi (1954 – 2002)
Twin towns Walsall, United Kingdom
References
Bibliography
External links Welcome To Kaubar Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons Kobar Village (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ) Kobar Village Profile, ARIJ Kobar (aerial photo), ARIJ Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Kobar Village, ARIJ