Franz Götz (28 January 1913 – 4 May 1980) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and wing commander during World War II. As a fighter ace, he is credited with 63 enemy aircraft shot down in 766 combat missions. The majority of his victories were claimed over the Western Front, including five four-engined bombers, with nineteen claims over the Eastern Front.
Born in Obertsrot, Grand Duchy of Baden, Götz grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany and volunteered for military service in the Reichswehr. In 1935, he transferred to the Luftwaffe (Air Force). Following flight training, he was transferred to Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53—53rd Fighter Wing). Following the outbreak of World War II, he claimed his first aerial victory on 14 May 1940 during the Battle of France. In September 1940, during the Battle of Britain, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the 9. Staffel (9th squadron) of JG 53. Götz then fought in the aerial battles of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union and in September 1941, he relocated with his group to the Mediterranean Theater. Fighting in this theater of operations, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 4 September 1942 and was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of the III. Gruppe (3rd group) of JG 53 in October 1942. In January 1945, Götz became the last Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter". Following World War II, he reentered military service in the Bundeswehr and became an officer in the Bundesluftwaffe. He died on 4 May 1980 in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria.
Early life and career
Götz was born on 28 January 1913 in Obertsrot, present-day part of Gernsbach, at the time in the Grand Duchy of Baden of the German Empire. In 1935, he transferred from the Reichswehr to the newly emerging Luftwaffe where he was trained as a fighter pilot. On 26 September 1939, Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53—53rd Fighter Wing) was ordered to form its III. Gruppe (3rd group). Leadership of the Gruppe was given to Hauptmann Werner Mölders at Wiesbaden–Erbenheim Airfield. Formation of the 7. Staffel (7th squadron) was headed by Oberleutnant Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke and Götz was assigned to this squadron holding the rank of Oberfeldwebel (master sergeant). At the time, the Gruppe was equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 E.
World War II
World War II in Europe had begun on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. From 2–16 January 1940, Götz and other pilots from III. Gruppe went on a ski vacation to Vorarlberg (Austria). On 11 March 1940, he became witness to Wilcke's second aerial victory which was claimed near the "three-nations-corner" north of Metz during the "Phoney War" period of World War II. The Battle of France, the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, began on 10 May 1940. On 14 May, he engaged in aerial combat with French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters and claimed one of the aircraft shot down. On 26 May, III. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Lor. The next day, Götz claimed an aerial victory over a M.S.406 shot down south of Creil. His wingman Unteroffizier Ernst Poschenrieder also filed claim for this French aircraft, but the claim was later credited to Götz.
On 5 June, German forced launched Fall Rot (Case Red), the second phase of the conquest of France. That day, Götz claimed his fourth aerial victory, a Potez 63 destroyed over the Noyon-Compiègne combat area. The following day, III. Gruppe engaged in combat with twelve French Bloch MB.152 fighters near Soissons. For the loss of one pilot taken prisoner of war, four aerial victories were claimed by III. Gruppe pilots, including one of which credited to Götz. On 9 June, Army Group A began its attack on Rethel and Soissons in an attempt to cross the Aisne. In support of this attack, Götz claimed a Curtiss P-36 Hawk fighter shot down near Rethel and Attigny. On 10 and 11 June, JG 53 flew multiple combat missions in the combat area of the Aisne near Reims. There on 11 June, Götz claimed his last aerial victory during the Battle of France when he shot down a MB.152 fighter aircraft.
During the Battle of Britain, Götz claimed his seventh aerial victory on 8 September 1940 after he was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) and assigned to the 9. Staffel. That day, JG 53 escorted bombers to London and he was credited with shooting down a Royal Air Force (RAF) Hawker Hurricane fighter. At the time, 9. Staffel was under the command of Oberleutnant Jakob Stoll. On 15 September, also known as the Battle of Britain Day, Götz shot down another Hurricane during III. Gruppes second mission of the day when they encountered approximately 25 to 30 RAF fighters near Tonbridge. Two days later, II. and III. Gruppe of JG 53 flew missions over southeast England where they engaged in combat with RAF fighters from No. 501, No. 41 and No. 611 Squadron. During this encounter, Stoll was shot down and posted as missing in action. In consequence, Götz was appointed Staffelkapitän of 9. Staffel. The next day, JG 53 flew three bomber escort missions to London. That day, Götz was credited with his ninth aerial victory when he shot down a Supermarine Spitfire fighter. On 14 November, Götz was awarded the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe ().
III. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Channel Front on 19 December and moved to Mönchengladbach. There, the Gruppe was replenished while the pilots were sent on a skiing holiday until late January 1941. They then received a full complement of Bf 109 F-2 aircraft. The pilots continued to train and familiarize themselves with this new aircraft before on 18 March, III. Gruppe was again ordered to the English Channel where they were based at Berck-sur-Mer. On 7 May, Götz claimed a Spitfire shot down near Dover during an afternoon mission. This was his last claim at the English Channel.
Operation Barbarossa
On 8 June 1941, the bulk of JG 53's air elements moved via Jever, in northern Germany, to Mannheim-Sandhofen. There the aircraft were given a maintenance overhaul prior to moving east. On 12 June, III. Gruppe was ordered to transfer to a forward airfield at Sobolewo. On 21 June, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 53 and its Gruppenkommandeure were summoned to nearby Suwałki, where Generalfeldmarschall (field marshal) Albert Kesselring gave the final instructions for the upcoming attack. Wilcke, who had been appointed Gruppenkommandeur of III. Gruppe on 12 August 1940, briefed his pilots that evening.
On 22 June, the Geschwader crossed into Soviet airspace in support of Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, which opened the Eastern Front. That late afternoon, Götz claimed a Kochyerigin DI-6 shot down. On 25 June, III. Gruppe had moved to Vilna and Götz claimed the destruction of a Tupolev SB bomber. By 25 July, III. Gruppe had moved to a forward airfield at Wjardina. The next day, Götz was credited with four aerial victories, a Petlyakov Pe-2 and three Ilyushin DB-3 bombers.
III. Gruppe began returning to Germany in early October 1941. The air elements left the Soviet Union on 4 October, while the ground units were transported back by train to Mannheim on 13 October. Since 22 June 1941, III. Gruppe had claimed 769 aerial victories for the loss of 6 pilots killed, 7 missing in action, 2 captured and 12 wounded. Following the return, he received the German Cross in Gold (), awarded on 15 October 1941.
North Africa, Malta and Italy
After its return to Germany, III. Gruppe was deployed to the Mediterranean Theater. The ground elements of III. Gruppe arrived in Catania in Sicily on 28 November 1941 while the rest of the Gruppe arrived on 3 December. Three days later, III. Gruppe was ordered to move to Timimi in Libya. III. Gruppe relocated back to Sicily on 17 December for operations in the siege of Malta. The island of Malta had a strategically important position in the Mediterranean Sea. With the opening of a new front in North Africa in mid-1940, British air and sea forces based on the island could attack Axis ships transporting vital supplies and reinforcements from Europe to North Africa. To counter this threat, the Luftwaffe and the Regia Aeronautica (Italian Royal Air Force) conducted bombing raids to neutralize the RAF defenses and the ports.
On 20 May 1942, III. Gruppe was transferred from Sicily to North Africa where the Gruppe was initially based at Martuba Airbase and placed under the command of Major Erich Gerlitz. Götz claimed his first aerial victory in this theater on 10 June when he shot down a Spitfire in area of Bir Hakeim. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () on 4 September 1942 after 40 aerial victories. On 27 October 1942, while the Second Battle of El Alamein was still raging, III. Gruppe was withdrawn from North Africa and flown out to Taranto. In the timeframe from 20 May to 27 October, the Gruppe had claimed 113 aerial victories for the loss of eleven pilots killed in action, two missing in action, four taken prisoner of war, and ten pilots wounded. Following the return from North Africa, III. Gruppe received 42 factory new Bf 109 G-4 trop, the first Gruppe of JG 53 to receive this aircraft. The Gruppe then moved to Sicily where they were based at Santo Pietro. There on 1 November, Götz claimed a Spitfire shot down east of Gozo Sometime in November 1942, he then replaced Gerlitz as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 53. Command of 9. Staffel was then passed on to Oberleutnant Hans Roehrig.
When on 18 August, Götz was promoted to Major (major) and sent on home leave, Oberleutnant Jürgen Harder was temporarily tasked with leading III. Gruppe on the ground while Oberleutnant Franz Schieß led in the air. Götz retook command of the Gruppe on 20 September. On 22 January 1944, Allied forces launched Operation Shingle, the amphibious landing in the area of Anzio and Nettuno. In defense of this attack, III. Gruppe was ordered to move from Villorba in northern Italy to Orvieto closer to the combat area. Götz claimed his last aerial victories in Italy on 26 May. On a reconnaissance mission north of Anzio, he was credited with two Spitfire fighters shot down near Marta. Three days later, III. Gruppe began its withdrawal from the Anzio combat area, arriving in Maniago on 2 June.
Defense of the Reich
On 28 June 1944, III. Gruppe arrived by train in Bad Lippspringe where they would be based for flying missions in Defense of the Reich. There, the Gruppe was assigned a number of inexperienced pilots directly coming from the Ergänungsgruppe, the supplementary training unit of JG 53. Over the next weeks, Götz and his squadron leaders further trained and prepared these pilots for their first combat missions. The Gruppe received a full complement of Bf 109 G-6 aircraft, most of them equipped with the 20 mm MG 151/20 underwing gun pod. Götz ordered these gun pods removed as the additional weight had an adverse effect on the handling qualities, reducing the Bf 109s performance in fighter-versus-fighter combat. He claimed a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber on 24 August 1944 over the Lüneburger Heide.