This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed with the condition. Each disorder is also categorized by its acceptance as an autoimmune condition into four levels: confirmed, probable, possible, and uncertain. This classification is based on the current scientific consensus and reflects the level of evidence supporting the autoimmune nature of the disorder. Lastly, the prevalence rate, specifically in the United States, is included to give a sense of how common each disorder is within the population.

Confirmed – Used for conditions that have strong, well-established evidence of autoimmune etiology. Probable – Used for conditions where there is substantial evidence of autoimmune involvement, but the scientific consensus may not be as strong as for those in the 'confirmed' category. Possible – Used for conditions that have some evidence pointing towards autoimmune involvement, but it's not yet clear or there is ongoing debate. Uncertain – Used for conditions where the evidence of autoimmune involvement is limited or contested.

Integumentary system The integumentary system, composed of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands, serves as a protective barrier between the body and the environment. It also plays a critical role in regulating body temperature and maintaining fluid balance.

Disease Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disease Prevalence rate (US) Alopecia areata Hair follicles None specific Confirmed 2.1% Autoimmune angioedema Skin C1 inhibitor Probable Less than 5,000 Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis Skin Progesterone Probable Extremely rare Autoimmune urticaria Skin IgG against IgE or IgE receptor Probable Not well established Bullous pemphigoid Skin Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 Confirmed 6-30 per 100,000 (mostly older adults) Cicatricial pemphigoid Mucous membranes, sometimes skin Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 Confirmed Rare Dermatitis herpetiformis Skin Anti-tissue transglutaminase Confirmed 10 per 100,000 Dermatomyositis Skin and muscles Anti-Jo1, Anti-Mi2, Anti-SRP, Anti-TIF1 Confirmed 9 in 1,000,000 Discoid lupus erythematosus Skin ANA, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm Confirmed Part of SLE prevalence (20-150 per 100,000) Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita Skin Anti-type VII collagen Confirmed Extremely rare Erythema nodosum Skin None specific Possible Not well established Gestational pemphigoid Skin Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 Confirmed Rare Hidradenitis suppurativa Skin None specific Uncertain 1-4% Lichen planus Skin, mucous membranes None specific Probable 1% Lichen sclerosus Skin None specific Probable Rare Linear IgA disease Skin Anti-epidermal basement membrane IgA Confirmed Extremely rare Morphea Skin None specific Probable Not well established Psoriasis Skin Various, not specific Confirmed 2-3% Pemphigus vulgaris Skin and mucous membranes Anti-desmoglein 3, Anti-desmoglein 1 Confirmed 1-5 per 100,000 Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) Skin, organs ANA, anti-Scl-70, anti-centromere Confirmed 240 per 1,000,000 Sjögren syndrome Exocrine glands (salivary and lacrimal glands) Anti-SSA/Ro, Anti-SSB/La antibodies, anti-centromere Confirmed 0.1-4% of the population Vitiligo Skin Various, not specific Confirmed 1%

Digestive system Autoimmune disease Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disease Prevalence rate (US) Autoimmune enteropathy Small intestine Anti-enterocyte antibodies Probable Rare Autoimmune hepatitis Liver ANA, ASMA, anti-LKM1 Confirmed 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 50,000 Celiac disease Small intestine Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG), Endomysial antibody (EMA), Deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) Confirmed 1 in 100 Crohn's disease Digestive tract ASCA, Anti-OmpC, Anti-CBir1, ANCA Probable 201 per 100,000 adults Intestinal necrotizing arteriolitis Liver, pancreas and intestines. None specific Possible Pernicious anemia Stomach Anti-IF, Anti-parietal cell Confirmed 0.1% Ulcerative colitis Colon and rectum pANCA, ASCA Probable 249 per 100,000 adults

Heart and vascular system Autoimmune disease Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disease Prevalence rate (US) Rheumatic heart disease Heart valves Anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-DNase B Confirmed Declining due to improved treatment of strep throat Kawasaki disease Coronary arteries Unknown Probable 20 per 100,000 children under age 5 Giant cell arteritis Large and medium arteries, can affect coronary arteries None specific Confirmed 200 per 100,000 (over age 50) Takayasu's arteritis Large arteries, including the aorta None specific Confirmed Rare, more common in East Asia Behçet's disease Small to large vessels in mouth, genitals, eyes, skin None specific Probable Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) Small to medium vessels in respiratory tract, skin, heart, kidneys, nerves ANCA Confirmed Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) Small to medium vessels in respiratory tract, kidneys c-ANCA/PR3-ANCA Confirmed IgA vasculitis (IgAV) Small vessels in skin, joints, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract IgA immune complexes Probable Leukocytoclastic vasculitis Small vessels in skin Various immune complexes Probable Lupus vasculitis Small to medium vessels in multiple organs ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, others Confirmed Rheumatoid vasculitis Small to medium vessels in skin, nerves, eyes, heart Rheumatoid factor, ACPA Probable Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) Small vessels in kidneys, lungs, nerves, skin p-ANCA/MPO-ANCA Confirmed Necrotizing arteriolitisMedium vessels in kidneys and adrenals. None specific Possible Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) Medium to small vessels in kidneys, skin, muscles, joints, nerves None specific Probable Polymyalgia rheumatica Large to medium vessels in shoulders, hips None specific Possible Urticarial vasculitis Small vessels in skin C1q antibodies Probable Vasculitis All vessel sizes in multiple organs Depends on specific type Uncertain

Urinary system Autoimmune disease Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disease Prevalence rate (US) Goodpasture syndrome Kidneys, lungs Anti-GBM antibodies Confirmed 1 per million people IgA nephropathy Kidneys IgA autoantibodies Confirmed 3.5 per 100,000 Membranous nephropathy Kidneys Anti-PLA2R antibodies Confirmed 10 per 100,000 Lupus nephritis Kidneys Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm, Anti-nuclear antibodies Confirmed Up to 60% of those with Lupus Interstitial nephritis Kidneys Various autoantibodies Probable Varies widely, often drug-induced Interstitial cystitis Bladder Anti-urothelial and anti-nuclear antibodies Probable 100-450 per 100,000 women, less common in men Primary sclerosing cholangitis Bile ducts, can affect gallbladder P-ANCA, Anti Smooth Muscle Antibodies (ASMA) Confirmed 1 per 100,000

Nervous system Autoimmune disease Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disease Prevalence rate (US) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Central nervous system Unknown Confirmed 0.8 per 100,000 Acute motor axonal neuropathy Peripheral nerves Anti-GM1 Confirmed Part of Guillain-Barré syndrome prevalence Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis Brain Anti-NMDA receptor Confirmed 1.5 per million Autoimmune encephalitis Brain Various, depending on subtype (e.g., NMDA receptor antibodies, LGI1 antibodies) Confirmed Rare Balo concentric sclerosis Central nervous system Unknown Probable Rare Bickerstaff's encephalitis Brain Anti-GQ1b Confirmed Rare Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Peripheral nerves Various, including anti-MAG Confirmed 1-2 per 100,000 Guillain-Barré syndrome Peripheral nerves Various, including anti-GM1, anti-GD1a Confirmed 1-2 per 100,000 Hashimoto's encephalopathy Brain Anti-thyroid (TPO, Tg) Probable Rare Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases Central nervous system Varies Probable Varies by specific disease Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome Neuromuscular junction (affecting both CNS and PNS) Anti-VGCC Confirmed 0.5-2 per million Multiple sclerosis Central nervous system Unknown, but Oligoclonal bands often present in CSF Confirmed 90 per 100,000 Myasthenia gravis Neuromuscular junction (affecting both CNS and PNS) Anti-AChR, anti-MuSK Confirmed 20 per 100,000 Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease)/NMOSD Optic nerves and spinal cord AQP4-IgG (NMO-IgG) Confirmed 0.5 - 4 per 100,000 Restless legs syndrome Central nervous system (thought to involve dopaminergic pathways) Unknown Uncertain 5-15% (more common in older adults) Stiff-person syndrome Central nervous system Anti-GAD, anti-amphiphysin Confirmed Rare Sydenham's chorea Brain Anti-basal ganglia Confirmed Rare (linked to Group A streptococcal infection) Transverse myelitis Spinal cord Various, including anti-AQP4 Probable 1-8 per million Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) Various ANA (antinuclear autoantibody) (HEp-2 cells) Confirmed 2 per 100,000

Endocrine system Autoimmune disease Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disease Prevalence rate (US) Addison's disease Adrenal glands 21-hydroxylase antibodies Confirmed 0.93-1.4 per 10,000 Autoimmune oophoritis Ovaries Anti-ovarian antibodies Probable Rare Autoimmune orchitis Testes Anti-sperm antibodies Probable Rare Autoimmune pancreatitis Pancreas IgG4, Anti-CA2 antibodies Confirmed 0.82-1.3 per 100,000 Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) Multiple endocrine organs Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected Confirmed 1 in 100,000 to 200,000 Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS2) Multiple endocrine organs Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected Confirmed 1 in 20,000 Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3 (APS3) Multiple endocrine organs Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected Confirmed Rare Diabetes mellitus type 1 Pancreas Anti-insulin, anti-IA-2, anti-GAD, anti-ZnT8 antibodies Confirmed 5 per 1,000 Endometriosis Endometrium Anti-endometrial antibodies Probable 6-10% of women of reproductive age Graves' disease Thyroid gland TSI, TPO, TG antibodies Confirmed 1.2% of the population Hashimoto's thyroiditis Thyroid gland TPO, TG antibodies Confirmed 5% of the population Ord's thyroiditis Thyroid gland TPO, TG antibodies Confirmed Rare

Respiratory system

Autoimmune disease Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disease Prevalence rate (US) Goodpasture syndrome Confirmed Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) Confirmed Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) Confirmed Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Lungs None specific Possible 20 per 100,000 (men), 13 per 100,000 (women) Interstitial lung disease Lungs Depends on the subtype (e.g. Anti-Jo1 in Anti-synthetase syndrome) Probable 31.5 per 100,000 (men), 26.1 per 100,000 (women) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis Lungs Anti-GM-CSF antibodies Confirmed 6.2 per million Rheumatoid lung disease Lungs Rheumatoid factor, Anti-CCP antibodies Confirmed Part of RA prevalence (about 1%) Sarcoidosis Lungs and other organs None specific Confirmed 10 - 40 per 100,000

Blood