The People's Republic of China (PRC) shares land borders with 14 countries (tied with Russia for the most in the world): North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam, and with two Special administrative regions of China, Hong Kong and Macao. The land borders, counterclockwise from northeast to southwest, are the China–North Korea border, the eastern segment of the China–Russia border, the China–Mongolia border, the western segment of the China–Russia border, the China–Kazakhstan border, the China–Kyrgyzstan border, the China–Tajikistan border, the China–Afghanistan border, the China–Pakistan border, the western segment of the China–India border (the most contested of the Sino-Indian border dispute), the China–Nepal border, the central segment of the China–India border (Sikkim), the China–Bhutan border, the eastern segment of the China–India border, the China–Myanmar border, the China–Laos border, the China–Vietnam border, a internal border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999, and a internal border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997.

To the west, China has maritime borders with South Korea, Japan, and contested limits with Taiwan and other countries in the South China Sea, among other territorial disputes.

At , China has the longest land borders of any country.

Land border by polity Below is a table of countries and territories that share a land border with China around its perimeter. In parentheses are their lengths in miles.CIA: The World Factbook, China

Country Length

China Rim

The region of all countries bordering China is sometimes referred to by scholars as the China Rim, or simply as China's periphery (Chinese: 中国周边). The China Rim plays a significant role in competition between other countries and China, as is the case with America's China Containment Policy. Significant competition took place between America and China in the region after the middle of the 20th century. Currently, a greater level of scrutiny and competition are happening around the maritime portion of the rim (particularly Taiwan and Maritime Southeast Asia).

Relevant treaties

Since 1689, the relevant treaties on the boundary of China are:

Parties Gregorian date Full name of treaty 7 September 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk 1727 Treaty of Kiakhta 28 May 1858 Treaty of Aigun 14 November 1860 Convention of Peking 7 October 1864 Treaty of Tarbagatai 1869, 1883 Cobb Convention 1870 Uriasutay Convention 1870, 1883 Talbahatay Convention 1870, 1882 The Ili Boundary Convention 1882 Northeast Kashgar Boundary Convention 1883 Arakbek Estuary Boundary Convention 1884 Northwest Kashgar Boundary Convention 1890 Convention of Calcutta 1909 Gando Convention 20 December 1911 Manzhouli Boundary Convention 4 September 1958 Statement of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea 28 January 1960 Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on the Boundary Question between the two countries 14 May 1960 Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Myanmar on the Boundary Question between the two countries 1 October 1960 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Myanmar 4 January 1961 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Myanmar 5 October 1961 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Nepal 13 October 1961 Protocol between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Myanmar concerning the Boundary between the two countries 12 October 1962 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Sino-Korean Border Agreement 26 December 1962 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of Mongolia 2 March 1963 China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Pakistan Concerning the Boundary Bordering Xinjiang of China and Various Areas under Pakistan's Effective Control for Defense 25 March 1963 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of Mongolia 22 November 1963 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Afghanistan, or Sino-Afghan boundary treaty 20 March 1964 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 20 March 1964 Sino-Korean Border Agreement, Protocol between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Concerning the China-Korea Boundary 10 December 1982 Signing of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (including the People's Republic of China) 19 December 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, or Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the Question of Hong Kong 13 April 1987 China-Portugal Joint Statement of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Portuguese Republic on the Question of Macao 16 May 1991 Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Eastern Section of the Sino-Soviet Border 24 October 1991 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Lao People's Democratic Republic 21 January 1992 Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Lao People's Democratic Republic 25 February 1992 Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone 16 March 1992