List of presidents of the Republic of China

This is a list of the presidents of the Republic of China.

The Republic of China controlled Mainland China before 1949. In the fall of 1949, the ROC government retreated to Taiwan and surrounding islands as a result of the takeover of the mainland by the Chinese Communist Party and founding of the People's Republic of China. Since 1949, the Republic of China, now commonly known as "Taiwan", has only controlled Taiwan and nearby islands. Martial law ended in Taiwan in 1987 and direct elections were introduced in 1996.

The official name of the office in Chinese has changed as follows:

YearChineseMandarinPinyinTaiwanesePe̍h-ōe-jīHakkaPha̍k-fa-sṳEnglish Translation1912–1928DàzǒngtǒngTōa-chóng-thóngThai-chúng-thúngGreat President1928–1947Guómín Zhèngfǔ ZhǔxíKok-bîn Chèng-hú Chú-se̍kKoet-mìn Chṳn-fú Chú-si̍tChairman of the Nationalist GovernmentAlternatively translated as "President of the National Government" on occasions of formality in various historical sources. 1947–presentZǒngtǒngChóng-thóngChúng-thúngPresident

List Provisional Government:

Beiyang Government:

Nationalist to Constitutional Government:

Presidents of the Provisional Government No. PortraitNameTerm of office Political partyVice President Assembly(elected)1 Sun Yat-sen孫中山(1866–1925) 1 January 1912 10 March 1912 Tongmenghui Li Yuanhong (Independent) Provisional (1911)2 Yuan Shikai袁世凱(1859–1916) 10 March 1912 10 October 1913 Beiyang clique Li Yuanhong (Independent) Provisional (1912) Presidents of the Beiyang Government No. PortraitNameTerm of office Political partyVice President Assembly(elected) 1 Yuan Shikai袁世凱(1859–1916) 10 October 1913 6 June 1916Proclaimed a new empire from 12 December 1915 to 22 March 1916.Died in office. Beiyang clique Li Yuanhong (Progressive) 1st (1913) 2 Li Yuanhong黎元洪(1864–1928) 7 June 1916 17 July 1917Zhang Xun briefly restored the Qing Empire from 1 July to 12 July in 1917.Forced out of office. Progressive Party Feng Guozhang (Zhili clique) — Feng Guozhang馮國璋(1859–1919)(acting)As Vice President. 17 July 1917 10 October 1918 Zhili clique Vacant 3 Xu Shichang徐世昌(1855–1939) 10 October 1918 2 June 1922 Anhui clique(Anfu Club) Vacant 2nd (1918) — Zhou Ziqi周自齊(1871–1923)(acting)As Acting Premier. 2 June 1922 11 June 1922 Communications Clique Vacant (2) Li Yuanhong黎元洪(1864–1928) 11 June 1922 13 June 1923 Research Clique Vacant — Gao Lingwei高凌霨(1868–1939)(acting)As Premier. 14 June 1923 10 October 1923 Zhili clique Vacant4 Cao Kun曹錕(1862–1938) 10 October 1923 2 November 1924 Zhili clique Vacant (1923) — Huang Fu黃郛(1883–1936)(acting) 2 November 1924 24 November 1924 Political Science Clique Vacant 5 Duan QiruiProvisional Chief Executive instead of President.段祺瑞(1865–1936) 24 November 1924 20 April 1926 Anhui clique(Anfu Club) Vacant Vacant — Hu WeideActing Provisional Chief Executive instead of Acting President.胡惟德(1863–1933)(acting) 20 April 1926 13 May 1926 Zhili clique Vacant — Yan Huiqing顏惠慶(1877–1950)(acting) 13 May 1926 22 June 1926 Nonpartisan Vacant — Du Xigui杜錫珪(1875–1933)(acting) 22 June 1926 1 October 1926 Zhili clique Vacant — V. K. Wellington Koo顧維鈞(1888–1985)(acting) 1 October 1926 17 June 1927Resigned. Nonpartisan Vacant 6 Zhang ZuolinZhang was the Generalissimo of the Beiyang Military Government instead of President.張作霖(1875–1928) 18 June 1927 4 June 1928Assassinated. Fengtian clique Vacant Chairman of the Nationalist Government Note: No. PortraitNameThe Chairman of the Nationalist Government (國民政府) was the head of state in this period (; 訓政時期). There was no office of Vice Chairman.Term of office Political partyAssembly(elected) 1 Tan Yankai譚延闓(1880–1930) 7 February 1928 10 October 1928 Kuomintang 2nd National Congress of Kuomintang(4th plenum) 2 Chiang Kai-shek蔣中正(1887–1975) 10 October 1928 15 December 1931 Kuomintang 2nd National Congress of Kuomintang(5th plenum) — Lin Sen林森(1868–1943) 15 December 1931Assumed office as acting chairman from 15 December 1931 to 1 January 1932. 1 August 1943 Kuomintang 3 4th National Congress of Kuomintang(1st plenum) — Chiang Kai-shek蔣中正(1887–1975) 1 August 1943Assumed office as acting chairman from 1 June to 1o October 1943. 20 May 1948 Kuomintang 4 5th National Congress of Kuomintang(11th plenum) Presidents after the 1947 Constitution No. PortraitNameTerm of office Political partyVice President Term(elected)1 Chiang Kai-shek 20 May 1948 21 January 1949Declared incapacity. Kuomintang Li Zongren (Kuomintang) 1 (1948) — Li Zongren 21 January 1949 20 November 1949 Kuomintang Vacant — Yan Xishan 20 November 1949 1 March 1950 Kuomintang Vacant(1) Chiang Kai-shek 1 March 1950 5 April 1975 Kuomintang Li ZongrenVice-President from 1948 to 1954; impeached and recalled in 1954.(Kuomintang) Vacant (Kuomintang) 2 (1954) 3 (1960) Vacant Yen Chia-kan(Kuomintang) 4 (1966) 5 (1972) 2 Yen Chia-kan 5 April 1975 20 May 1978 Kuomintang Vacant 3 Chiang Ching-kuo 20 May 1978 13 January 1988 Kuomintang Hsieh Tung-min (Kuomintang) 6 (1978) Lee Teng-hui(Kuomintang) 7 (1984) 4 Lee Teng-hui 13 January 1988 20 May 2000 Kuomintang Vacant Lee Yuan-tsu(Kuomintang) 8 (1990)Lien Chan(Kuomintang) 9 (1996) 5 Chen Shui-bian 20 May 2000 20 May 2008Democratic ProgressiveAnnette Lu(DPP) 10 (2000) 11 (2004) Ma Ying-jeou 20 May 2008 20 May 2016KuomintangVincent Siew(Kuomintang) 12 (2008)Wu Den-yih (Kuomintang) 13 (2012) Tsai Ing-wen 20 May 2016 20 May 2024 Democratic Progressive Chen Chien-jen(Independent) 14 (2016) Lai Ching-te(DPP) 15 (2020) Lai Ching-te 20 May 2024 Incumbent Democratic Progressive Hsiao Bi-khim(DPP) 16 (2024)

Timeline

Presidential age-related data (post-1947 Constitution) Key:

# President Born Age at Age at timespan Lifespan Died Age 1 (died in office) 2 3 (died in office) 4 5 --(living) 6 --(living) 7 --(living) 8 (incumbent) (incumbent) --(living)

Oldest living Green text and an asterisk mark the inauguration date of a president older than any living ex-president. Other dates are the deaths of the then-oldest president.

PresidentDate rangeAge at startAge at endTime span Chiang Kai-shekApril 5, 1975 Yen Chia-kanDecember 24, 1993 Lee Teng-huiJuly 30, 2020 Ma Ying-jeoupresent(living)

Graphical representation This is a graphical lifespan timeline of the presidents of the Republic of China (post-1947 Constitution) and they are listed in order of office.

The following chart shows presidents by their age (living presidents in green), with the years of their presidency in blue.

Gallery

List of presidents of the Republic of China

Bron en licentie