In the area of modern Portugal a significant number of towns with Celtic toponymic were already mentioned by ancient Greek and Roman authors.
The regions where we can find a greater number of these names are in the north (inhabited by the Callaici or Callaeci) and center (inhabited by the Lusitanians) of Portugal. However, Celtic toponymy occurs throughout the whole country and is also found in the south (the Alentejo, inhabited by the Celtici, and the Algarve, inhabited by the Cynetes), which correspond to the ancient Roman provinces of Gallaecia and Lusitania.
The name of Portugal (Portvgalliæ) itself is partly of Celtic origin (see: Name of Portugal and Portus Cale).
List of towns and places Celtic name Modern name Anobrega Ponte da Barca Anobra Anobra in Condeixa-a-Nova. Likely derived from ānniyobris "hill", "ring" (Cf. old Irish ainne "ring"),Prósper (2002) p. 376. Arabriga probably Alenquer or between Sesimbra and Outão Arcobica probably Torrão in Alcácer do Sal Arcobriga probably near Braga Aritium Praetorium probably Tamazim, near Bemposta Aritium oppidum vetus Casal da Várzea Aritium Vetus Alvega in Abrantes Aranni probably near Ourique Arandis near OuriqueArdila Armona Ilha de Armona Auobriga/ *Aobriga in the Ave Valley region Equabonna/Aquabona Coina in Barreiro Auaron Pr. Carreiro in Póvoa de Varzim (Cape Santo André) Axabrica/Axabrix Xabregas Boidobr(ig)a (?) Boidobra, in Covilhã. A combination of two elements: boudi or *boudo- 'victory' (Welsh budd 'gain, benefit') and "briga". Bracara Braga Brigantia Bragança Brita/s Budens Budens *Burrulobriga around Elvas Caetobriga/Caetobrix/Kaitobrix Setúbal Caeilobricoi Castro Daire in Lamas de Moledo Calabria > Caliabriga Castelo Calabre in Vila Nova de Foz Côa Caladunum probably Vilar de Perdizes in Montalegre Cambra<Calambriga Vale de Cambra (Aveiro), Casal de Cambra (Sintra) Cale Vila Nova de Gaia; Portucale; Portugal Cantippo Castellum Araocelum São Cosmado in Mangualde Catraleucus/ Contraleuco Cempsibriga Sesimbra Colobre Alcolobre in Constância (Colobre, 935 C.E.): the first element derives from *kwolu- 'wheel'Matasovic (2009) s.v. kwol-u-. Conimbriga Conímbriga, Condeixa-a-Nova; Coimbra (name only) Civitas Aravorum <Aravi> Marialva Collippo Batalha Corumbriga Cottaiobriga near AlmeidaEbora Évora Eburobrittium Óbidos *Elaneobriga around Braga Evion Ercobriga Etobrico Alenquer Jerabrica/Gerabrica/Hierabrica between Lisbon and Santarém Jurumegna Juromenha in Alandroal Lacobriga Lagos Lamecum Lamego Langobriga Fiães castello Letiobri around Braga Lemos Londobris Berlengas Longobriga Longroiva in Mêda Lubrigos Vila Real Civitas Aravorum <Aravi> Marialva (Mêda) Malaceca/Malateca Marateca Medrobiga Marvão Meidubriga in Beira Alta Mirobriga Miróbriga Mirobriga Montemor o Velho Meribriga/Merebriga in Alentejo Merobriga probably Sines or near river Mira Montobriga/Mundobriga around Castelo de Vide Moron Almorol or Montalvão Ocelum Ferro probably in Covilhã Pendraganum Pedrógão Grande Seliobriga São Martinho de Pedrulhais in Sepins Senabriga Seia Talabriga Lamas do Vouga Talabriga Ponte de Lima, Estourãos Tameobriga near Paiva and Douro Terena TerenaTongobriga/ Tuntobriga Freixo, Marco de Canaveses Tur(o)lobriga around Chaves Uxonoba Vicus Camalocensis around Crato Vicus Veniensis Cabeço de Lameirão in Meimoa Vipasca Aljustrel
List of rivers
Celtic name Modern nameArda from Proto-Celtic *ardwo- Arda Latinised Arduinna from Celtic *ardwo- hight, related to forests, Goddess of the forests ArdenaArdila *same as above ArdilaLatinised Arauca from Celtic AroucaLatinised Arauca from Celtic ArouceLatinised Arauca from Celtic AruncaLatinised Cavalum from Celtic/Gaulish *caballos - horse Cavalum Lethes Lima Minius Minho Munda, Latinised Mundaecus or Mondaecus Mondego Latinised Tamaga, likely from Tamaca Tâmega
References
Falileyev. Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-Names. Aberystwyth University Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Gamito, Teresa. The Celts in Portugal. Universidade do Algarve. E-Keltoi. Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. Volume 6. The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula] Freire, José. "A Toponímia Céltica e os vestígios de cultura material da Proto-História de Portugal". Revista de Guimarães, Volume Especial, I, Guimarães, 1999, pp. 265–275 Mapa pormenorizado dos Povos Pré-Romanos da Península Ibérica (200 AC)
Vias Romanas em Portugal Juan, Alonso. -Briga Toponyms in the Iberian Peninsula. University of Salamanca. E-Keltoi. Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. Volume 6. "The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula" Buchanan, George. The history of Scotland... to the present time. pg 108 Hazlitt, . Ancient Library. pg 190] Braganca Bragança, or Braganza, or Brigantia, or Juliobriga (Portugal) Encyclopædia Britannica online Atlas das Cidades Romanas em Portugal "Corumbriga" The Cambrian Journal. Cambrian Institute p 183 Ptolemy's Geography. Book II, Chapter 4. Location of Lusitania Hispania (Second Map of Europe.Lacus Curtius] Perestrello da Câmara, Paulo. Diccionario geographico, historico, politico e litterario do reino de Portugal e seus Domínios pg 494 (two Mirobrigas) Bautista de Castro, João. Mappa de Portugal, pg 18 (Catraleucus) Pérez Vilatela, Luciano. Lusitania: Historia y etnología pg.7 (two Arcobrigas in Lusitânia) Memorias de la Real Academia de la historia. pg 81 Real Academia de la Historia. (three Arcobrigas) Alarcão, Jorge. Notas de arqueologia, epigrafia e toponímia – II Guerra, Amílcar. Caepiana: uma reavaliação crítica do problema da sua localização e enquadramento histórico. IPA Ministério da Cultura. (Longroiva) Alarcão, Jorge. Notas de arqueologia, epigrafia e toponímia – III (Valabriga-Merobriga) Guerra, Amílcar. POVOS, CULTURA E LÍNGUA NO OCIDENTE PENINSULAR: UMA PERSPECTIVA, A PARTIR DA TOPONOMÁSTICA Acta Palaeohispanica IX Palaeohispanica 5, (2005), pp 814–817] Los topónimos: Sus blasones y trofeos (la toponimia Mítica) pg 10 (Anobrega) Nascentes, Antenor. (1932) Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa. (ref. Xabregas)
See also Roman Geography of Portugal List of Celtic place names in Galicia List of Latin place names in Iberia List of Celtic place names in Italy