The Occitan alphabet consists of the following 23 Latin letters:

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|bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="26" | Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) |- |width=3% align="center"|A||width=3% align="center"|B||width=3% align="center"|C||width=3% align="center"|D||width=3% align="center"|E||width=3% align="center"|F||width=3% align="center"|G||width=3% align="center"|H||width=3% align="center"|I||width=3% align="center"|J||width=3% align="center"|L||width=3% align="center"|M||width=3% align="center"|N||width=3% align="center"|O||width=3% align="center"|P||width=3% align="center"|Q||width=3% align="center"|R||width=3% align="center"|S||width=3% align="center"|T||width=3% align="center"|U||width=3% align="center"|V||width=3% align="center"|X||width=3% align="center"|Z

|align="center" colspan="26" | Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|x||align="center"|z

The letters K, W and Y are considered foreign by Occitanians and are used only in words of foreign origin, incrementally integrated into Occitan, such as whisky, watt, Kenya. They may be included in the Occitan alphabet following the order in the international alphabet.*Preconizacions del Conselh de la Lenga Occitana (PDF) (standard Occitan orthography).

Letter names Letters Name IPA(Standard pronunciation) IPA(Regional pronunciation)A a a B b be, be (n)auta C c ce D d de E e e F f èfa G g ge H h acha I i i J j ji (K k) ca L l èla M m èma N n èna O o o (ò) P p pe Q q cu R r èrra S s èssa T t te U u u V v ve, ve bassa( ve, ve baisha) (W w) ve dobla X x ixa (Y y) i grèga Z z izèda

The letter names are usually feminine. They may also be masculine, in which case the feminine names (B), (V), (W) and (Y) become masculine , , and .

Elision is common before a letter starting with a vowel.

Diacritics

Several diacritics serve to modify the pronunciation of the letters of the Occitan alphabet. The grave accent () _̀ found on à, è, ò, indicates stressed, close vowels. The acute accent () _́ found on á, é, í, ó, ú, indicates stressed, open vowels. The diaeresis () ¨ found on ï, ü, indicates that ï and ü are pronounced separately from a previous letter. The cedilla () ¸ found under ç, indicates that ç is pronounced [s], not [k]. The interpunct () · found between two consecutive consonants: n·h and s·h and indicates a distinction between n·h and nh or s·h and sh. This is used in Gascon Occitan, which features as an allophone of . In the Middle Ages, the interpunct was common throughout Aquitania (see Old Occitan).

The diacritics are required on the capitals. For example: , , , , , .

Sound-to-spelling correspondences

Unless noted, regional IPA values are the same as Standard Occitan. Despite being listed as dialect of Occitan, Gascon are listed as separate language here and it is excluded from this list. Consonants SpellingIPA valueExceptionsRegional valuebBetween two vowelsIn contact with r, l, and z//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)Otherwise// -b//∅, //, // (before p, b, m) amb∅ (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat)bt//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)cBefore e, i//// before u, // before i (Auvergnat)Otherwise//-c//∅ (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat)çBefore a, o, u//// before u (Auvergnat)-ç//∅ (Limousin, Auvergnat)∅ after r (Provençal)ccBefore e, i//// (also //) (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)// before i (Auvergnat)ch//// (Auvergnat, Limousin dialect)// before u (Auvergnat)-ch//∅ (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat)dBetween two vowelsIn contact with r, l, and z//// (Provençal, Limousin, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)Otherwise//// before i and u (Auvergnat) -d//∅ (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat)dd//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)f//gBefore e, i//// (Limousin, Auvergnat)// before i (Auvergnat)Between two vowelsIn contact with r, l, z//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)Otherwise//-g//// mièg, cluèg∅ (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat)gd//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)gu-Between two vowelsIn contact with r, l, and z//// (Provençal, Limousin, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)Otherwise//// before i (Auvergnat)h∅j//// (Limousin, Auvergnat)// before i, u (Auvergnat)k//// before i, u (Auvergnat)l//// before i, u (Auvergnat)-l//// mèl → mèu (Provençal)∅ in a paroxyton word (most dialects)ll//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)lh//// (Provençal)-lh//// solelh → soleu (Provençal)// (Limousin, Auvergnat, Niçard)mBefore consonants other than m, b, and p//// after consonants (with semi-nasalization of the last vowel) (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)Otherwise//-m//// (before p, b, m) amb// (with semi-nasalization of the last vowel) (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Niçard)// in first-person plural conjugations (Vivaro-Alpine)mm//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)nBefore p, b, m//Before c, qu-, g, and gu-//Before f//Otherwise//∅ benlèu, bensai, tanbén, tanplan// (with semi-nasalization of the last vowel) (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)// before i, u (Auvergnat)-n∅// in some words// in some words (Limousin, Auvergnat)nn//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)-nd, -nt//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Niçard)// (Niçard, Vivaro-Alpine)nh, gn//-nh//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Niçard)// (Vivaro-Alpine)p//// before i, u (Auvergnat)-p//∅ (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat)// in three words: còp, tròp, and cap "coast" (Niçard)qu-//// before i, u (Auvergnat)rIn the start of a wordAfter n, l//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)Otherwise//rr//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)// (Limousin, Auvergnat, Niçard)-r∅// in some words// (Provençal)// (Vivaro-Alpine)-rm//// (Provençal, Niçard)// (Vivaro-Alpine)-rn//// (Provençal)// (Niçard)// (Vivaro-Alpine)sBetween two vowels//// before i, u (Auvergnat)Otherwise//// before i, u (Auvergnat)-s//∅ in some words like pas, pus, res, and dins// before other words starting in a vowel (Provençal, Niçard)ss//// before i, u (Auvergnat)sh//t//// before i, u (Auvergnat)-t//∅ (in -ment adverbs and present participles)∅ (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat)∅ in past participles ending in vowels (Vivaro-Alpine)tg, tj//// (Provençal, Niçard, Vivaro-Alpine); before i, u (Auvergnat)// (Limousin, Auvergnat)tl//// (Provençal, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)// (Limousin, Auvergnat)tm//// (Provençal, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)// (Limousin, Auvergnat)tn//// (Provençal, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)// (Limousin, Auvergnat)tz//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat)// (Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)-tz//// (Provençal, Niçard, Vivaro-Alpine)∅ (Limousin, Auvergnat)vBetween two vowelsIn contact with r, l, and z//// (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)Otherwise//w//, //, ////, //, // (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)xBefore consonants//Otherwise//// in the prefix ex- before vowels (Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, Niçard)// before i, u (Auvergnat)z//// before i, u (Auvergnat)-z//

Vowels SpellingIPA valueExceptionsRegional valuea//// before tonic accent (Limousin, Auvergnat)-a//∅ in -ia suffix (Provençal)-as//// (Provençal)// (Auvergnat, Niçard)// (Limousin)2nd person singular verbs:// (Provençal)

See also Occitan conjugation Occitan language Occitan phonology

References

External links Omniglot http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Occitan/Grammar/Occitan-Alphabet.html